World Events — Set 4
Indian History · विश्व घटनाएं · Questions 31–40 of 50
Who is known as the 'Father of History'?
Correct Answer: C. Herodotus
• **Herodotus** = Greek historian called **'Father of History'** by Cicero (Roman orator). • Wrote **'The Histories'** — detailed account of the Greco-Persian Wars (490–479 BC). • First historian to systematically collect and verify information rather than just recording myths. • 💡 Homer = epic poet (Iliad, Odyssey); Socrates = philosopher; Plato = Socrates's student — none were historians.
Who was the famous tutor of Alexander the Great?
Correct Answer: D. Aristotle
• **Aristotle** = tutor of **Alexander the Great**; taught him from age 13 at Mieza (343 BC). • Aristotle himself was a student of **Plato**, who was a student of **Socrates** — three great philosophers. • Aristotle also founded the **Lyceum** school in Athens; wrote on logic, biology, politics, and ethics. • 💡 Pythagoras = mathematician; Plato = Aristotle's teacher (not Alexander's); Socrates = Plato's teacher — Aristotle taught Alexander.
Julius Caesar was assassinated by a group of senators on which date?
Correct Answer: A. Ides of March
• **Julius Caesar** assassinated on **Ides of March** (March 15), **44 BC** by Roman senators. • **23 stab wounds**; conspirators included Brutus and Cassius — feared Caesar would make himself king. • Caesar's death sparked civil war; ultimately led to **Augustus Caesar** becoming first Roman Emperor. • 💡 'Fourth of July' = US Independence; 'New Year's Eve' and 'Christmas Day' are modern — Caesar killed on Ides of March.
In which city was Prophet Muhammad born?
Correct Answer: C. Mecca
• **Prophet Muhammad** born in **Mecca** (present-day Saudi Arabia) around **570 CE**. • Received first revelation in **Cave Hira** in 610 CE; migrated to Medina in **622 CE** (Hijra). • Mecca is the holiest city in Islam; **Kaaba** in Mecca is the direction (Qibla) of Muslim prayer. • 💡 Baghdad = Abbasid Caliphate capital; Medina = where he migrated to (not born); Jerusalem = third holiest — birthplace is Mecca.
The Crusades were a series of religious wars primarily between Christians and:
Correct Answer: C. Muslims
• **Crusades** = series of religious wars between **Christians** and **Muslims** (1096–1291 AD). • Goal: recapture **Jerusalem** and Holy Land from Muslim control; Pope Urban II called 1st Crusade. • **8 major Crusades** in total; Crusaders briefly captured Jerusalem in 1099 AD. • 💡 Jews, Hindus, and Buddhists were not the primary Muslim opponents — Crusades were specifically Christians vs Muslims.
Which pandemic killed a large portion of Europe's population in the 14th century?
Correct Answer: D. Black Death (Plague)
• **Black Death** (Bubonic Plague) = deadliest pandemic, killed **30–60%** of Europe's population (1347–1351). • Spread by **fleas on black rats** carried on trade ships from Central Asia and China. • Killed approximately **25 million** Europeans; led to labor shortages and end of feudalism. • 💡 Cholera = waterborne disease; Spanish Flu = 1918–19; Smallpox = different disease — Black Death was 14th-century Europe's plague.
Who painted the 'Mona Lisa', a masterpiece of the Renaissance?
Correct Answer: C. Leonardo da Vinci
• **Leonardo da Vinci** painted the **Mona Lisa** (c. 1503–1519) — greatest Renaissance masterpiece. • Subject believed to be **Lisa Gherardini**, wife of a Florentine merchant; kept by Leonardo till his death. • Housed in **Louvre Museum, Paris**; most visited artwork in the world with ~9 million viewers yearly. • 💡 Michelangelo = Sistine Chapel ceiling; Raphael = School of Athens; Donatello = sculptor — Mona Lisa is by da Vinci.
Which event in 1773 was a protest against British taxes in America?
Correct Answer: D. Boston Tea Party
• **Boston Tea Party** = protest on **December 16, 1773** against British **Tea Act** in Massachusetts. • Colonists dumped **342 chests of British East India Company tea** into Boston Harbor. • Slogan: **'No taxation without representation'** — British Parliament taxed colonies without their consent. • 💡 Treaty of Paris = ended American Revolution (1783); Battle of Bunker Hill = 1775 battle; Declaration = 1776 — Tea Party was 1773.
Bastille Day is celebrated as the national day of which country?
Correct Answer: C. France
• **Bastille Day** = France's national day, celebrated on **July 14** every year. • Commemorates **Storming of the Bastille** prison in Paris on July 14, **1789** — start of French Revolution. • Bastille was a symbol of royal tyranny; storming it released prisoners and seized weapons. • 💡 Italy's national day = June 2 (Republic Day); Spain = October 12; Germany = October 3 — Bastille Day is France's July 14.
Who wrote 'Das Kapital' and 'The Communist Manifesto'?
Correct Answer: A. Karl Marx
• **Karl Marx** wrote **'Das Kapital'** (1867) and co-authored **'The Communist Manifesto'** (1848) with Engels. • Core idea: class struggle between **bourgeoisie** (owners) and **proletariat** (workers) drives history. • Marx's ideas inspired the Russian Revolution (1917) and communist governments worldwide. • 💡 Adam Smith = 'Wealth of Nations' (capitalism); Nietzsche = philosophy; Lenin = applied Marxism — Marx wrote Das Kapital.