Chemistry Discoveries — Set 1
Inventions · रसायन की खोजें · Questions 1–10 of 70
Who is traditionally known as the 'Father of Modern Chemistry'?
Correct Answer: C. Antoine Lavoisier
Antoine Lavoisier established the law of conservation of mass and identified oxygen's role in combustion. He also helped develop the first system of chemical nomenclature. His work transitioned chemistry from a qualitative to a quantitative science.
Which scientist discovered the electron in 1897 using cathode ray tube experiments?
Correct Answer: D. J.J. Thomson
J.J. Thomson proved that atoms were not indivisible by discovering these negatively charged subatomic particles. He proposed the 'plum pudding' model to describe atomic structure. This discovery won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1906.
The Periodic Table in its most recognizable early form was developed by whom?
Correct Answer: C. Dmitri Mendeleev
Dmitri Mendeleev arranged elements by atomic mass and successfully predicted the properties of undiscovered elements. He left gaps in his table for elements like gallium and germanium. Modern tables are now arranged by atomic number rather than mass.
Who discovered the radioactive element Radium alongside Polonium?
Correct Answer: C. Marie Curie
Marie Curie isolated these elements from pitchblende and coined the term 'radioactivity'. She remains the only person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields. Her research laid the groundwork for modern nuclear physics and cancer treatments.
The discovery of the Atomic Nucleus resulted from which famous experiment?
Correct Answer: C. Gold Foil Experiment
Ernest Rutherford observed alpha particles reflecting off gold atoms, proving the existence of a dense central core. This discovery overturned the previously accepted plum pudding model of the atom. It established that most of an atom's volume is actually empty space.
Who formulated the first modern Atomic Theory, stating that all matter is composed of small particles called atoms?
Correct Answer: D. John Dalton
John Dalton's theory proposed that atoms of a specific element are identical in mass and properties. He published these ideas in the early 19th century based on his study of gas laws. His work provided a logical framework for understanding chemical reactions and compounds.
Which gas was discovered by Joseph Priestley and later named by Lavoisier?
Correct Answer: D. Oxygen
Joseph Priestley isolated this gas in 1774 by heating mercuric oxide and called it 'dephlogisticated air'. Lavoisier recognized its significance in respiration and combustion and gave it its modern name. Oxygen is the most abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust.
Who is credited with the discovery of the Neutron in 1932?
Correct Answer: C. James Chadwick
James Chadwick identified this neutral subatomic particle, which had long been suspected to exist in the nucleus. This discovery allowed for the calculation of atomic mass without relying solely on protons. It was a crucial step toward the development of nuclear energy and the atomic bomb.
The concept of 'Isotopes' was first proposed by which scientist?
Correct Answer: C. Frederick Soddy
Frederick Soddy suggested that elements could exist in different forms with the same chemical properties but different atomic weights. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921 for his work on radioactive substances. The term comes from Greek words meaning 'at the same place'.
Which chemist developed the process for synthesizing Ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen?
Correct Answer: D. Fritz Haber
Fritz Haber's process allowed for the mass production of fertilizers, significantly increasing global food supply. It is often cited as one of the most important industrial chemical inventions in history. The process requires high pressure and temperature along with a catalyst.