Chemistry Discoveries — Set 5
Inventions · रसायन की खोजें · Questions 41–50 of 70
Who discovered the element 'Magnesium' as a distinct substance?
Correct Answer: B. Joseph Black
Joseph Black recognized magnesium as an element in 1755 when he differentiated it from calcium. However, it was first isolated in metallic form by Humphry Davy in 1808. It is highly reactive and burns with a bright white flame.
Which chemist discovered 'Uranium' in 1789?
Correct Answer: B. Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Martin Heinrich Klaproth discovered uranium while analyzing the mineral pitchblende. He named it after the planet Uranus, which had been discovered eight years earlier. Eugene Peligot later isolated the first sample of pure uranium metal in 1841.
Who discovered 'Aspirin' (Acetylsalicylic acid) in its stable form?
Correct Answer: A. Felix Hoffmann
Felix Hoffmann, a chemist at Bayer, synthesized a stable form of aspirin in 1897 to help his father's arthritis. While salicylic acid existed in willow bark, this version was easier on the stomach. It is now one of the most widely used medicines for pain and fever.
The discovery of 'Nitrogen' is generally attributed to which scientist?
Correct Answer: B. Daniel Rutherford
Daniel Rutherford isolated nitrogen in 1772 and called it 'noxious air' or 'phlogisticated air'. He showed that it did not support life or combustion unlike other components of air. Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the Earth's atmosphere.
Which chemist discovered 'Iodine' during the Napoleonic Wars?
Correct Answer: C. Bernard Courtois
Bernard Courtois discovered iodine in 1811 while extracting sodium and potassium salts from seaweed ash. He noticed violet vapors when he added sulfuric acid to the residue. It is an essential element for human health, specifically for thyroid function.
Who is credited with the discovery of 'Lithium'?
Correct Answer: B. Johan August Arfwedson
Johan August Arfwedson discovered lithium in 1817 while analyzing the mineral petalite. It is the lightest metal and the least dense solid element at room temperature. Today, it is a critical component in rechargeable batteries for electronics and cars.
The discovery of 'Titanium' was made by which amateur chemist and clergyman?
Correct Answer: B. William Gregor
William Gregor discovered titanium in 1791 while analyzing black sand from a local stream in Cornwall. Martin Klaproth independently discovered it later and gave it its modern name after the Titans of Greek mythology. It is famous for its high strength and resistance to corrosion.
Who discovered the 'Law of Combining Volumes' for gases?
Correct Answer: D. Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
Gay-Lussac stated that when gases react, they do so in volumes that bear a simple whole-number ratio to each other. This discovery helped Amedeo Avogadro develop his hypothesis regarding molecules. It provided crucial evidence for the atomic and molecular nature of matter.
Which scientist discovered 'Neon', 'Argon', and 'Xenon'?
Correct Answer: A. William Ramsay
William Ramsay worked with Lord Rayleigh to discover the whole family of noble gases in the atmosphere. They found argon first in 1894 and the others soon after. These gases were revolutionary because they were found to be completely chemically inert.
Who is the first person to have discovered 'Vanadium', although it was initially confused with another element?
Correct Answer: C. Andrés Manuel del Río
The correct answer is 'Andrés Manuel del Río'. Del Río discovered 'erythronium' in 1801, but later retracted his claim when he was convinced it was just impure chromium. Sefström rediscovered it in 1830 and named it Vanadium after the Norse goddess Vanadis. It is mainly used today as an alloy to strengthen steel.