Chemistry Discoveries — Set 4
Inventions · रसायन की खोजें · Questions 31–40 of 70
Which scientist discovered the 'Law of Conservation of Mass'?
Correct Answer: B. Antoine Lavoisier
Antoine Lavoisier demonstrated that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. He used careful weighing in closed systems to prove this fundamental principle. This discovery is a cornerstone of quantitative chemical analysis.
Who is credited with the discovery of Carbon Dioxide, which he called 'fixed air'?
Correct Answer: A. Joseph Black
Joseph Black discovered carbon dioxide in the 1750s by heating magnesium carbonate. He showed that this 'air' was different from common air because it extinguished flames and suffocated animals. He also discovered the concepts of latent heat and specific heat.
Which chemist discovered 'Dynamite', a safer way to use nitroglycerin?
Correct Answer: D. Alfred Nobel
Alfred Nobel mixed nitroglycerin with an absorbent substance called kieselguhr to make it stable and portable. He used his massive fortune from this invention to establish the Nobel Prizes. It was patented in 1867 and revolutionized construction and mining.
Who discovered the process of 'Pasteurization' to kill harmful microbes in liquids?
Correct Answer: C. Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur discovered that heating milk and wine could kill bacteria without altering the taste significantly. This process greatly reduced the incidence of foodborne illnesses. He also developed vaccines for rabies and anthrax.
The discovery of 'Nylon', the first synthetic fiber, was led by?
Correct Answer: A. Wallace Carothers
Wallace Carothers and his team at DuPont synthesized Nylon 66 in 1935. It was the first commercially successful synthetic thermoplastic polymer. Its first major use was for toothbrush bristles and later for stockings and parachutes.
Which scientist discovered 'Chlorine' gas, though he did not recognize it as an element?
Correct Answer: B. Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Carl Wilhelm Scheele isolated chlorine in 1774 by reacting manganese dioxide with hydrochloric acid. He also discovered oxygen and nitrogen before Priestley and Rutherford, though his work was published later. Chlorine is widely used today for water purification.
Who discovered 'Polythene' (Polyethylene), now the most common plastic in the world?
Correct Answer: D. Eric Fawcett and Reginald Gibson
Fawcett and Gibson accidentally discovered polyethylene in 1933 at ICI laboratories in England. They were conducting high-pressure experiments with ethylene when they noticed a waxy solid. Today, it is used in everything from grocery bags to bulletproof vests.
Which chemist discovered 'Teflon' (PTFE) by accident?
Correct Answer: A. Roy Plunkett
Roy Plunkett was researching refrigerants at DuPont when he found a white, slippery solid inside a gas cylinder. This material, Teflon, is famous for being non-stick and highly resistant to heat and chemicals. It is widely used in cookware and aerospace engineering.
Who is known for the discovery of 'Bromine'?
Correct Answer: A. Antoine Jérôme Balard
Both Balard and Löwig independently discovered bromine in 1825-1826. It is the only non-metallic element that is a liquid at room temperature. It is commonly used as a flame retardant and in pharmaceutical products.
The discovery of 'Manganese' in its metallic form was achieved by?
Correct Answer: B. Johan Gottlieb Gahn
Johan Gottlieb Gahn reduced manganese dioxide with carbon to isolate the metal in 1774. He was a close colleague of Carl Scheele, who had predicted its existence. Manganese is an essential element used in the production of stainless steel.