Chemistry Discoveries — Set 3
Inventions · रसायन की खोजें · Questions 21–30 of 70
Which scientist is credited with the discovery of the Proton?
Correct Answer: D. Ernest Rutherford
Ernest Rutherford identified the proton in 1917 after performing experiments that knocked hydrogen nuclei out of nitrogen gas. He realized that the hydrogen nucleus was a fundamental part of all atoms. This positively charged particle resides in the center of the nucleus.
Who discovered the principle of Electrolysis and many alkali metals like Sodium and Potassium?
Correct Answer: A. Humphry Davy
Humphry Davy used a massive battery to isolate reactive metals from their compounds for the first time. He is also famous for inventing the miner's safety lamp. His assistant, Michael Faraday, later developed the formal laws of electrolysis.
Which chemist formulated the 'Law of Octaves' as an early step toward the periodic table?
Correct Answer: D. John Newlands
John Newlands noted that when elements were arranged by mass, every eighth element had similar properties. While initially mocked, his work laid the groundwork for the modern concept of periodicity. His observation worked well only for the first few rows of elements.
Who is known for the discovery of the Benzene ring structure in a dream?
Correct Answer: B. August Kekulé
August Kekulé proposed that benzene consists of a ring of six carbon atoms with alternating double bonds. He claimed the idea came to him after dreaming of a snake biting its own tail. This discovery was central to the development of organic chemistry.
Which scientist synthesized Urea, proving that 'organic' compounds could be made from 'inorganic' ones?
Correct Answer: C. Friedrich Wöhler
Friedrich Wöhler synthesized urea from ammonium cyanate in 1828, shattering the theory of 'vitalism'. Vitalism held that living substances possessed a unique life force that could not be replicated. This event is considered the starting point of modern organic chemistry.
Who discovered the 'Law of Partial Pressures' in gas mixtures?
Correct Answer: D. John Dalton
John Dalton stated that the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the pressures each gas would exert alone. This principle is vital for understanding atmospheric science and deep-sea diving. It was a key discovery leading to his atomic theory.
The discovery of 'Heavy Water' (Deuterium oxide) was made by which chemist?
Correct Answer: B. Harold Urey
Harold Urey won the 1934 Nobel Prize for his discovery of deuterium, a heavy isotope of hydrogen. Heavy water contains this isotope and is used as a moderator in nuclear reactors. This discovery had significant implications for nuclear physics and chemistry.
Which chemist developed the first 'Lead-Acid' rechargeable battery?
Correct Answer: A. Gaston Planté
Gaston Planté invented this battery type in 1859, which remains the most common rechargeable battery in vehicles today. It uses lead plates and sulfuric acid as the electrolyte. It was the first battery that could be recharged by passing a reverse current through it.
Who discovered the concept of 'Valency' and the Octet Rule?
Correct Answer: D. Gilbert Lewis
Gilbert Lewis proposed that atoms reach stability by sharing or transferring electrons to have eight in their outer shell. He also developed 'Lewis Dot Structures' to visualize chemical bonding. His work revolutionized how we understand chemical stability and reactivity.
The discovery of 'Bakelite', the first fully synthetic plastic, was by?
Correct Answer: A. Leo Baekeland
Leo Baekeland developed this durable, heat-resistant plastic in 1907 by reacting phenol with formaldehyde. It was widely used for telephones, radios, and electrical insulators due to its non-conductive properties. This invention marked the beginning of the 'Age of Plastics'.