Modern Scientists — Set 3
Inventions · आधुनिक वैज्ञानिक · Questions 21–30 of 60
Who developed the 'Ramachandran Plot' to understand protein structures?
Correct Answer: A. G.N. Ramachandran
• **G.N. Ramachandran** = He developed the 'Ramachandran Plot,' a fundamental tool in structural biology for understanding and validating protein structures. • **Collagen** — He discovered the triple helical structure of this crucial protein, contributing significantly to structural biology. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Govindjee]: an Indian-American biophysicist known for photosynthesis research; [K. VijayRaghavan]: a distinguished biologist, former Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India; [C.N.R. Rao]: a renowned solid-state and materials chemist.
Which scientist was the lead architect of the first Indian satellite, Aryabhata?
Correct Answer: A. U.R. Rao
• **U.R. Rao** = He was the lead architect and instrumental in the successful launch of India's first satellite, Aryabhata. • **1975** — India's first satellite, Aryabhata, was successfully launched under his leadership as ISRO Chairman in this year. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Satish Dhawan]: former Chairman of ISRO, known for his contributions to fluid dynamics; [A.P.J. Abdul Kalam]: 'Missile Man of India' and former President; [K. Sivan]: former Chairman of ISRO, known for his work on cryogenic engines.
Which Indian mathematician developed a method for library classification called the Colon Classification?
Correct Answer: B. S.R. Ranganathan
• **S.R. Ranganathan** = He is known as the 'Father of Library Science' in India and developed the 'Colon Classification' method for library organization. • **Five Laws of Library Science** — He formulated these fundamental principles that guide modern library practices worldwide. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [S. Ramanujan]: a brilliant pure mathematician known for number theory; [C.R. Rao]: a distinguished statistician; [D.R. Kaprekar]: known for number theory, including Kaprekar's constant.
Who is known for his work in the field of Solid State and Materials Chemistry and has been awarded the Bharat Ratna?
Correct Answer: B. C.N.R. Rao
• **C.N.R. Rao** = He is a world-renowned scientist, primarily known for his extensive work in solid-state and materials chemistry. • **2014** — He was awarded the Bharat Ratna in this year, recognizing his lifelong and exceptional contributions to science. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Anil Kakodkar]: an eminent nuclear scientist and former Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission; [Vijay Bhatkar]: architect of India's first supercomputer, PARAM; [R. Chidambaram]: a nuclear scientist who played a key role in India's nuclear weapons program.
Which Indian computer scientist led the team that developed the PARAM 8000 supercomputer?
Correct Answer: B. Vijay Bhatkar
• **Vijay Bhatkar** = He is recognized as the architect of India's national initiative in supercomputing and led the development of the PARAM 8000 supercomputer. • **PARAM series** — This series of supercomputers was developed under his leadership, establishing India's indigenous supercomputing capabilities. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Nandan Nilekani]: co-founder of Infosys, former Chairman of UIDAI; [Narayan Murthy]: co-founder of Infosys, a prominent IT entrepreneur; [Sam Pitroda]: known for his contributions to India's telecommunication revolution.
Who is the famous Indian-American astrophysicist who shared the Nobel Prize for the study of physical processes important to the structure of stars?
Correct Answer: A. S. Chandrasekhar
• **S. Chandrasekhar** = He was an Indian-American astrophysicist awarded the Nobel Prize for his theoretical studies of the physical processes governing the structure and evolution of stars. • **Chandra X-ray Observatory** — NASA named this X-ray telescope in his honor, recognizing his profound contributions to astrophysics. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [T.R. Seshadri]: known for organic chemistry; [Jayant Narlikar]: an astrophysicist known for the Hoyle–Narlikar theory of gravity; [S.N. Bose]: known for quantum mechanics and Bose-Einstein statistics.
Which scientist is known as the 'Father of Fibre Optics'?
Correct Answer: C. Narinder Singh Kapany
• **Narinder Singh Kapany** = He is widely known as the 'Father of Fibre Optics' for his pioneering work in transmitting images through optical fibers. • **20th century** — Fortune magazine recognized him as one of the 'Unsung Heroes' of this century for his revolutionary work. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Ajay Bhatt]: co-inventor of USB technology; [Pradeep Sindhu]: co-founder of Juniper Networks; [Vinod Dham]: 'Father of Pentium' chip.
Which Indian engineer and statesman is celebrated on Engineer's Day (Sept 15)?
Correct Answer: D. M. Visvesvaraya
• **M. Visvesvaraya** = He was an eminent engineer and statesman whose birthday is celebrated as Engineer's Day in India, recognizing his vast contributions to public works and infrastructure. • **September 15** — His birthday is observed as Engineer's Day across India to commemorate his invaluable contributions to engineering and nation-building. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [E. Sreedharan]: 'Metro Man of India'; [A.P.J. Abdul Kalam]: 'Missile Man of India' and former President; [Satish Dhawan]: renowned space scientist, former Chairman of ISRO.
Who is the inventor of the Pentium chip and often called the 'Father of Pentium'?
Correct Answer: B. Vinod Dham
• **Vinod Dham** = He is known as the 'Father of Pentium' for leading the Intel team that developed the groundbreaking Pentium microprocessor. • **1990s** — The Pentium chip developed under his leadership marked a major advancement in personal computing performance during this decade. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Ajay Bhatt]: co-inventor of USB technology; [Arun Netravali]: known for contributions to digital imaging and video compression; [Sabir Bhatia]: co-founder of Hotmail.
Who founded the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) in Bangalore along with Jamsetji Tata?
Correct Answer: D. Morris Travers
• **Morris Travers** = He was a British chemist who served as the first director of IISc, which was founded through the vision of Jamsetji Tata. • **Neon** — He was the co-discoverer of this noble gas along with krypton and xenon, demonstrating his significant contributions to chemistry. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [P.C. Ray]: a pioneering Indian chemist; [S.N. Bose]: known for quantum mechanics and Bose-Einstein statistics; [C.V. Raman]: Nobel laureate physicist, discovered the Raman Effect.