Modern Scientists — Set 5

Correct Answer: A. S. Ramanujan

• **S. Ramanujan** = He is the brilliant mathematician known for the discovery of the 'Ramanujan-Hardy Number' **1729**, which he famously discussed with G.H. Hardy. • **1729** — This number is notable as the smallest number that can be expressed as the sum of two positive cubes in two different ways (1^3 + 12^3 and 9^3 + 10^3). • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Manjul Bhargava]: A Fields Medalist known for his work in number theory, but not for 1729; [C.R. Rao]: A renowned statistician; [Harish-Chandra]: A mathematician known for his work in representation theory.

Correct Answer: C. S.N. Bose

• **S.N. Bose** = Satyendra Nath Bose co-authored a seminal paper with Albert Einstein, laying the foundation for quantum statistics, specifically Bose-Einstein statistics. • **Bose-Einstein Condensate** — His theoretical work with Einstein led to the prediction and later experimental realization of this fifth state of matter. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Homi J. Bhabha]: Known as the 'Father of the Indian Nuclear Program'; [C.V. Raman]: Discovered the Raman Effect; [Vikram Sarabhai]: Known as the 'Father of the Indian Space Program'.

Correct Answer: B. Dadasaheb Phalke

• **Dadasaheb Phalke** = He is universally acknowledged as the 'Father of Indian Cinema' for producing India's first full-length feature film and pioneering filmmaking in the country. • **1913** — Phalke released 'Raja Harishchandra,' India's first full-length silent feature film, marking the birth of Indian cinema. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Guru Dutt]: A celebrated actor and director known for classic films, but not the father of Indian cinema; [Raj Kapoor]: A legendary actor and filmmaker, known as 'The Showman', not the founder; [Satyajit Ray]: An internationally acclaimed director, known for his artistic contributions, but not the pioneer.

Correct Answer: B. Yellapragada Subbarow

• **Yellapragada Subbarow** = He was a biochemist known for significant discoveries in the synthesis of ATP and the development of several chemotherapy drugs. • **20th century** — Subbarow is considered one of the most significant medical researchers of this century, despite often being overlooked for major awards. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [V. Ramalingaswami]: A prominent pathologist and public health expert; [Shambhu Nath De]: Known for the discovery of cholera toxin; [Upendranath Brahmachari]: Known for synthesizing Urea-Stibamine (for Kala-azar treatment).

Correct Answer: D. Shambhu Nath De

• **Shambhu Nath De** = He was a medical researcher renowned for successfully demonstrating the existence of the 'Cholera Toxin' produced by cholera bacteria. • **Millions of lives** — His discovery of the cholera toxin and its implications for treatment strategy has saved countless lives globally. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [H.K. Firodia]: An industrialist and founder of Kinetic Engineering; [Anand Madhavan]: Not widely known for cholera research; [Ronald Ross]: Famous for his work on the transmission of malaria, not cholera toxin.

Correct Answer: A. Upendranath Brahmachari

• **Upendranath Brahmachari** = He synthesized urea stibamine, an effective medicine for treating Kala-azar. • **1922** — This is the year he synthesized urea stibamine, a significant breakthrough in tropical medicine. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [P.C. Ray]: He was a chemist and founder of Bengal Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals; [N.K. Panikkar]: He was a marine biologist and oceanographer; [S.L. Hora]: He was a zoologist known for fish taxonomy.

Correct Answer: A. Subbiah Arunan

• **Subbiah Arunan** = He served as the project director for India's Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission). • **Mangalyaan** — This mission made India the first nation to successfully reach Martian orbit in its first attempt. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [V. Vanitha]: She was the Project Director for Chandrayaan-2; [K. Sivan]: He is a former Chairman of ISRO; [Mylswamy Annadurai]: He was the Project Director for Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2.

Correct Answer: C. Kalpana Chawla

• **Kalpana Chawla** = She was the first woman of Indian origin to go into space. • **1997** — This was the year she first flew on the Space Shuttle Columbia as a mission specialist. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Ritu Karidhal]: She is an ISRO scientist, known as the 'Rocket Woman of India'; [Sirisha Bandla]: She is the second Indian-born woman to fly to space; [Sunita Williams]: She is an American astronaut of Indian descent, but not the first Indian woman.

Correct Answer: A. Lalji Singh

• **Lalji Singh** = He was a renowned molecular biologist known for pioneering DNA fingerprinting in India. • **CDFD** — He founded the Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics in Hyderabad, significantly advancing forensic science. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Sam Pitroda]: He is known for his contributions to India's telecommunications revolution; [Verghese Kurien]: He is the 'Father of the White Revolution' in India; [M.S. Swaminathan]: He is the 'Father of the Green Revolution' in India.

Correct Answer: A. Narinder Singh Kapany

• **Narinder Singh Kapany** = He is credited with coining the term 'fiber optics' and demonstrating the transmission of light through fiber. • **'Fiber Optics'** — He coined this term in 1960 and is widely considered the 'Father of Fiber Optics'. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Vinod Dham]: He is known as the 'Father of the Pentium Chip'; [Pradeep Sindhu]: He is a co-founder of Juniper Networks, a networking equipment company; [Sabir Bhatia]: He is the co-founder of Hotmail.