Modern Scientists — Set 6

Correct Answer: A. Feb 28

• **February 28** = This is the day C.V. Raman discovered the Raman Effect in 1928. • **National Science Day** — This date is celebrated annually in India as National Science Day to commemorate the discovery of the Raman Effect. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [October 2]: This is Gandhi Jayanti, Mahatma Gandhi's birthday; [January 26]: This is Republic Day in India; [August 15]: This is India's Independence Day.

Correct Answer: B. Verghese Kurien

• **Verghese Kurien** = He is famously known as the 'Father of the White Revolution' in India. • **Amul** — He established the Amul cooperative movement, which transformed India into the world's largest milk producer. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [M.S. Swaminathan]: He is known as the 'Father of the Green Revolution' in India; [Birbal Sahni]: He was a paleobotanist; [Norman Borlaug]: He was an American agronomist, considered the 'Father of the Green Revolution' globally.

Correct Answer: B. Aryabhata

• **Aryabhata** = This was India's first artificial satellite, launched in 1975. • **1975** — India launched Aryabhata in this year, marking its entry into the space age. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Bhaskara]: These were Earth observation satellites launched after Aryabhata; [Rohini]: This was a series of satellites, some of which were launched by India's own SLV-3 rocket; [Apple]: This was India's first experimental communication satellite.

Correct Answer: D. S. Chandrasekhar

• **S. Chandrasekhar** = He was an astrophysicist who formulated the 'Chandrasekhar Limit'. • **1.44 solar masses** — This is the critical mass above which a white dwarf star cannot support itself against gravitational collapse. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Homi Bhabha]: He was the architect of India's nuclear program; [Meghnad Saha]: He was an astrophysicist known for the Saha ionization equation; [C.V. Raman]: He discovered the Raman Effect.

Correct Answer: D. Har Gobind Khorana

• **Har Gobind Khorana** = He was a biochemist who synthesized the first artificial gene. • **1970** — In this year, he achieved the landmark synthesis of the first artificial gene. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Venkatraman Ramakrishnan]: He is a structural biologist who won the Nobel Prize for ribosomal structure; [P.C. Ray]: He was a chemist and founder of Bengal Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals; [Birbal Sahni]: He was a paleobotanist.

Correct Answer: C. Vikram Sarabhai

• **Vikram Sarabhai** = He is widely regarded as the 'Father of the Indian Space Program'. • **INCOSPAR** — He established this committee in 1962, which later became ISRO in **1969**. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Satish Dhawan]: He was a former chairman of ISRO who led the space program after Sarabhai; [A.P.J. Abdul Kalam]: He was a renowned aerospace scientist and former President of India, known for his work on missile technology; [K. Radhakrishnan]: He is a former Chairman of ISRO, known for leading the Mangalyaan mission.

Correct Answer: C. Jagadish Chandra Bose

• **Jagadish Chandra Bose** = He was a polymath who demonstrated that plants have sensitivity and can respond to stimuli. • **Crescograph** — He invented this device to measure the growth of plants and their responses to various stimuli. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Birbal Sahni]: He was a paleobotanist specializing in Indian fossils; [M.S. Swaminathan]: He is known as the 'Father of the Green Revolution' in India; [Salim Ali]: He was a renowned ornithologist, known as the 'Birdman of India'.

Correct Answer: A. Science and Technology

• **Science and Technology** = The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize is awarded annually for outstanding contributions in this field. • **1958** — This prestigious award was instituted in this year by CSIR. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Social Work]: Awards like the Gandhi Peace Prize or Padma Awards may cover this field, but not Bhatnagar Prize; [Music]: Awards like the Bharat Ratna or Padma Awards may cover this field, but not Bhatnagar Prize; [Literature]: Awards like the Jnanpith Award or Sahitya Akademi Award are given for literature.

Correct Answer: B. Srinivasa Ramanujan

• **Srinivasa Ramanujan** = He was an extraordinary mathematician famously known as 'The Man Who Knew Infinity'. • **3,900 results** — He independently discovered approximately this many mathematical results in his short lifespan. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Shakuntala Devi]: She was a mental calculator, known as the 'Human Computer'; [D.R. Kaprekar]: He was a recreational mathematician known for Kaprekar's constant; [C.R. Rao]: He is a statistician known for his contributions to mathematical statistics.

Correct Answer: C. Homi J. Bhabha

• **Homi J. Bhabha** = He is considered the 'Father of the Indian Nuclear Program'. • **Atomic Energy Commission** — He established this commission shortly after India's independence and outlined the three-stage nuclear power program. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [A.P.J. Abdul Kalam]: He was a leading figure in missile and space technology, and later President of India; [R. Chidambaram]: He was a prominent nuclear scientist who served as principal scientific advisor to the government; [Vikram Sarabhai]: He is known as the 'Father of the Indian Space Program'.