Nanotechnology — Set 1
Technology · नैनो प्रौद्योगिकी · Questions 1–10 of 50
What is the typical size range of a nanoparticle?
Correct Answer: A. 1 to 100 nanometers
• **1 to 100 nanometers** = Nanotechnology generally deals with structures sized between 1 and 100 nanometers. • **Key significance** — At this scale, materials often exhibit unique physical and chemical properties. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: B: 1 to 100 micrometers is a different concept; C: 10 to 500 nanometers is a different concept; D: 1 to 1000 nanometers is a different concept.
Who is famously known as the father of nanotechnology for his 1959 talk 'There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom'?
Correct Answer: C. Richard Feynman
• **Richard Feynman** = Richard Feynman suggested the possibility of manipulating individual atoms and molecules in his landmark lecture. • **Key significance** — He predicted that entire encyclopedias could be written on the head of a pin. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Norio Taniguchi is a different concept; B: Eric Drexler is a different concept; D: Gerd Binnig is a different concept.
Which term was coined by Norio Taniguchi in 1974 to describe precision manufacturing at the atomic level?
Correct Answer: D. Nanotechnology
• **Nanotechnology** = Norio Taniguchi used the term 'nanotechnology' to describe the processing of materials atom by atom. • **Key significance** — He focused on the extra-high precision and ultra-fine dimensions required for such work. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Micromachining is a different concept; B: Atomic Science is a different concept; C: Molecular Engineering is a different concept.
What is the name of the allotrope of carbon that consists of a single layer of atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice?
Correct Answer: A. Graphene
• **Graphene** = Graphene is a two-dimensional material known for its exceptional strength and electrical conductivity. • **Key significance** — It is effectively a single sheet of graphite. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: B: Fullerene is a different concept; C: Nanotube is a different concept; D: Diamond is a different concept.
Which type of microscope is essential for visualizing surfaces at the atomic level by using a sharp probe?
Correct Answer: C. Scanning Tunneling Microscope
• **Scanning Tunneling Microscope** = The Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) allows scientists to see and manipulate individual atoms. • **Key significance** — It was invented by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer, who won the Nobel Prize for it. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Optical Microscope is a different concept; B: Compound Microscope is a different concept; D: Fluorescence Microscope is a different concept.
What are 'Buckyballs' scientifically known as?
Correct Answer: D. Buckminsterfullerenes
• **Buckminsterfullerenes** = Buckminsterfullerenes (C60) are the scientific name for 'Buckyballs', spherical carbon molecules made of 60 carbon atoms arranged in a soccer-ball pattern. • **Key significance** — Buckminsterfullerenes were named after architect Buckminster Fuller because of their resemblance to his geodesic dome structures. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Carbon Nanotubes is a different concept; B: Quantum Dots is a different concept; C: Graphene sheets is a different concept.
Which phenomenon causes nanoparticles to have much higher chemical reactivity compared to bulk materials?
Correct Answer: A. High surface-area-to-volume ratio
• **High surface-area-to-volume ratio** = As particle size decreases, the percentage of atoms on the surface increases significantly. • **Key significance** — This makes the material more reactive because more atoms are available for chemical interaction. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: B: Quantum Tunneling is a different concept; C: Brownian Motion is a different concept; D: Superconductivity is a different concept.
What are 'Quantum Dots' primarily used for in modern technology?
Correct Answer: C. Display screens and medical imaging
• **Display screens and medical imaging** = The correct answer is 'Display screens and medical imaging'. • **Key significance** — Quantum dots are semiconductor nanocrystals that emit specific colors when hit by light. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Water filtration is a different concept; B: Building construction is a different concept; D: Textile manufacturing is a different concept.
Which carbon-based nanostructure resembles a rolled-up sheet of graphene?
Correct Answer: D. Carbon Nanotube
• **Carbon Nanotube** = Carbon nanotubes are cylindrical molecules with extraordinary mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. • **Key significance** — They can be single-walled or multi-walled depending on their construction. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Buckyball is a different concept; B: Dendrimer is a different concept; C: Diamondoid is a different concept.
The 'Lotus Effect' refers to which property commonly mimicked in nanotechnology?
Correct Answer: A. Self-cleaning and hydrophobicity
• **Self-cleaning and hydrophobicity** = The Lotus Effect is a natural self-cleaning property caused by nanostructures on the surface of leaves. • **Key significance** — It causes water droplets to roll off and take dirt particles with them. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: B: Transparency is a different concept; C: Electrical insulation is a different concept; D: Thermal conductivity is a different concept.