Nanotechnology — Set 1

Correct Answer: A. 1 to 100 nanometers

Nanotechnology generally deals with structures sized between 1 and 100 nanometers. At this scale, materials often exhibit unique physical and chemical properties. One nanometer is equal to one-billionth of a meter.

Correct Answer: C. Richard Feynman

Richard Feynman suggested the possibility of manipulating individual atoms and molecules in his landmark lecture. He predicted that entire encyclopedias could be written on the head of a pin. His visionary ideas provided the theoretical foundation for the field.

Correct Answer: D. Nanotechnology

Norio Taniguchi used the term 'nanotechnology' to describe the processing of materials atom by atom. He focused on the extra-high precision and ultra-fine dimensions required for such work. This was the first formal use of the term in scientific literature.

Correct Answer: A. Graphene

Graphene is a two-dimensional material known for its exceptional strength and electrical conductivity. It is effectively a single sheet of graphite. This material is considered one of the strongest substances discovered so far.

Correct Answer: C. Scanning Tunneling Microscope

The Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) allows scientists to see and manipulate individual atoms. It was invented by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer, who won the Nobel Prize for it. This instrument is a cornerstone of modern nanotechnology research.

Correct Answer: D. Buckminsterfullerenes

Buckminsterfullerenes (C60) are the scientific name for 'Buckyballs', spherical carbon molecules made of 60 carbon atoms arranged in a soccer-ball pattern. Buckminsterfullerenes were named after architect Buckminster Fuller because of their resemblance to his geodesic dome structures. They were first discovered in 1985 by Harold Kroto, Richard Smalley, and Robert Curl, who were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1996.

Correct Answer: A. High surface-area-to-volume ratio

As particle size decreases, the percentage of atoms on the surface increases significantly. This makes the material more reactive because more atoms are available for chemical interaction. This property is widely exploited in the development of efficient catalysts.

Correct Answer: C. Display screens and medical imaging

The correct answer is 'Display screens and medical imaging'. Quantum dots are semiconductor nanocrystals that emit specific colors when hit by light. They are used in high-definition televisions to produce more vibrant and accurate colors. In medicine, they serve as fluorescent markers for tracking biological processes.

Correct Answer: D. Carbon Nanotube

Carbon nanotubes are cylindrical molecules with extraordinary mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. They can be single-walled or multi-walled depending on their construction. These tubes are used to reinforce composite materials in aerospace and sports equipment.

Correct Answer: A. Self-cleaning and hydrophobicity

The Lotus Effect is a natural self-cleaning property caused by nanostructures on the surface of leaves. It causes water droplets to roll off and take dirt particles with them. This principle is used to create self-cleaning paints and waterproof fabrics.