Nanotechnology — Set 4
Technology · नैनो प्रौद्योगिकी · Questions 31–40 of 50
What is 'Nanolithography' used for in the semiconductor industry?
Correct Answer: A. Etching tiny patterns on computer chips
• **Etching tiny patterns on computer chips** = The correct answer is 'Etching tiny patterns on computer chips'. • **Key significance** — Nanolithography is the process of creating extremely small features on a surface. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: B: Water purification is a different concept; C: Building bridges is a different concept; D: Food preservation is a different concept.
Which term describes the process where molecules spontaneously organize into structured patterns?
Correct Answer: C. Self-assembly
• **Self-assembly** = Self-assembly is a key concept in nanotechnology where components form a defined structure without external help. • **Key significance** — It is driven by local interactions like hydrogen bonding or electrostatic forces. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Manual assembly is a different concept; B: Random diffusion is a different concept; D: Mechanical bonding is a different concept.
Which field uses nanotechnology to develop ultra-thin, flexible solar cells?
Correct Answer: D. Nano-photonics
• **Nano-photonics** = Nano-photonics deals with the interaction of light with nano-scale structures. • **Key significance** — It allows for the creation of solar cells that are more efficient at capturing sunlight. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Nano-hydrology is a different concept; B: Nano-astronomy is a different concept; C: Nano-archeology is a different concept.
What is the primary benefit of 'Nano-filtration' in water treatment?
Correct Answer: A. Removing viruses and organic molecules
• **Removing viruses and organic molecules** = Nanofiltration membranes have pore sizes around 1-10 nanometers. • **Key significance** — They can filter out heavy metals, bacteria, and most viruses that larger filters miss. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: B: Removing large rocks is a different concept; C: Adding minerals to water is a different concept; D: Changing the taste of water is a different concept.
Which material is used to create 'Stain-resistant' clothing using nanotechnology?
Correct Answer: C. Nano-whiskers or fibers
• **Nano-whiskers or fibers** = Nano-scale fibers are embedded in the fabric to create a protective layer that repels liquids. • **Key significance** — These 'nanowhiskers' prevent spills from soaking into the material. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Thick rubber coating is a different concept; B: Plastic sheets is a different concept; D: Iron fillings is a different concept.
Which scientist is credited with the discovery of Carbon Nanotubes in 1991?
Correct Answer: D. Sumio Iijima
• **Sumio Iijima** = Sumio Iijima observed carbon nanotubes while working at the NEC Corporation in Japan. • **Key significance** — His discovery sparked a massive wave of research into one-dimensional carbon structures. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Harry Kroto is a different concept; B: Richard Smalley is a different concept; C: Robert Curl is a different concept.
What does 'Lab-on-a-chip' technology aim to achieve?
Correct Answer: B. Miniaturizing laboratory functions on a small circuit
• **Miniaturizing laboratory functions on a small circuit** = Lab-on-a-chip devices integrate multiple laboratory processes on a single chip of a few square centimeters. • **Key significance** — They use microfluidics and nanotechnology to analyze tiny samples of blood or DNA. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Making bigger computers is a different concept; C: Building robotic limbs is a different concept; D: Monitoring outer space is a different concept.
Which property describes materials that are visible at the macroscale but become transparent at the nanoscale?
Correct Answer: B. Size-dependent optical property
• **Size-dependent optical property** = The correct answer is 'Size-dependent optical property'. • **Key significance** — Many materials change how they interact with light when reduced to the nanoscale. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Opaqueness is a different concept; C: Magnetic flux is a different concept; D: Thermal resistance is a different concept.
Which country is home to the first 'Nano-park' in the world?
Correct Answer: B. India
• **India** = The correct answer is 'India'. • **Key significance** — Actually, the concept of a dedicated 'Nano-park' for research and industry was pioneered by Finland. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: USA is a different concept; C: Finland is a different concept; D: China is a different concept.
What is the function of 'Nanoclay' in the packaging industry?
Correct Answer: A. Providing a barrier against moisture and gases
• **Providing a barrier against moisture and gases** = The correct answer is 'Providing a barrier against moisture and gases'. • **Key significance** — Nanoclays are added to plastic films to create a tortuous path for gas molecules. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: B: Adding weight to boxes is a different concept; C: Changing the box color is a different concept; D: Making boxes waterproof is a different concept.