Nanotechnology — Set 4
Technology · नैनो प्रौद्योगिकी · Questions 31–40 of 50
What is 'Nanolithography' used for in the semiconductor industry?
Correct Answer: A. Etching tiny patterns on computer chips
The correct answer is 'Etching tiny patterns on computer chips'. Nanolithography is the process of creating extremely small features on a surface. It is essential for making the microscopic circuits found in modern smartphones and processors. Newer techniques use extreme ultraviolet light to achieve even smaller dimensions.
Which term describes the process where molecules spontaneously organize into structured patterns?
Correct Answer: C. Self-assembly
Self-assembly is a key concept in nanotechnology where components form a defined structure without external help. It is driven by local interactions like hydrogen bonding or electrostatic forces. This process is highly efficient for manufacturing complex nanostructures.
Which field uses nanotechnology to develop ultra-thin, flexible solar cells?
Correct Answer: D. Nano-photonics
Nano-photonics deals with the interaction of light with nano-scale structures. It allows for the creation of solar cells that are more efficient at capturing sunlight. These cells can be printed on flexible surfaces for wider application.
What is the primary benefit of 'Nano-filtration' in water treatment?
Correct Answer: A. Removing viruses and organic molecules
Nanofiltration membranes have pore sizes around 1-10 nanometers. They can filter out heavy metals, bacteria, and most viruses that larger filters miss. This technology is vital for providing clean drinking water in developing regions.
Which material is used to create 'Stain-resistant' clothing using nanotechnology?
Correct Answer: C. Nano-whiskers or fibers
Nano-scale fibers are embedded in the fabric to create a protective layer that repels liquids. These 'nanowhiskers' prevent spills from soaking into the material. The fabric remains breathable and comfortable unlike traditional waterproof coatings.
Which scientist is credited with the discovery of Carbon Nanotubes in 1991?
Correct Answer: D. Sumio Iijima
Sumio Iijima observed carbon nanotubes while working at the NEC Corporation in Japan. His discovery sparked a massive wave of research into one-dimensional carbon structures. He used high-resolution electron microscopy to identify the tubes.
What does 'Lab-on-a-chip' technology aim to achieve?
Correct Answer: B. Miniaturizing laboratory functions on a small circuit
Lab-on-a-chip devices integrate multiple laboratory processes on a single chip of a few square centimeters. They use microfluidics and nanotechnology to analyze tiny samples of blood or DNA. This allows for rapid and low-cost medical diagnostics.
Which property describes materials that are visible at the macroscale but become transparent at the nanoscale?
Correct Answer: B. Size-dependent optical property
The correct answer is 'Size-dependent optical property'. Many materials change how they interact with light when reduced to the nanoscale. For example, titanium dioxide is white in paint but transparent in nano-sunscreen. This change occurs because the particles are smaller than the wavelength of visible light.
Which country is home to the first 'Nano-park' in the world?
Correct Answer: B. India
The correct answer is 'India'. Actually, the concept of a dedicated 'Nano-park' for research and industry was pioneered by Finland. Many countries now have similar industrial clusters to foster nanotech innovation. They provide shared infrastructure for startups and academic researchers.
What is the function of 'Nanoclay' in the packaging industry?
Correct Answer: A. Providing a barrier against moisture and gases
The correct answer is 'Providing a barrier against moisture and gases'. Nanoclays are added to plastic films to create a tortuous path for gas molecules. This significantly improves the shelf-life of food products by keeping oxygen out. It is a cost-effective way to enhance traditional packaging materials.