Nanotechnology — Set 3
Technology · नैनो प्रौद्योगिकी · Questions 21–30 of 50
What is the primary material used in most current nano-electronic transistors?
Correct Answer: D. Silicon
Silicon has been the standard material for making microchips and transistors for decades. Nanotechnology allows for the creation of smaller silicon transistors, making computers faster and more efficient. As we reach the limits of silicon, researchers are exploring alternatives like graphene.
Which branch of nanotech deals with the creation of tiny machines that can perform tasks?
Correct Answer: A. Nanobotics
Nanobotics involve the design and construction of robots at the scale of a few nanometers. These tiny machines could potentially travel through the bloodstream to repair damaged cells. While largely theoretical, significant progress is being made in molecular motors.
What is the effect called when light is scattered by particles in a colloid or a very fine suspension?
Correct Answer: C. Tyndall Effect
The Tyndall Effect is used to identify the presence of nanoparticles in a liquid. If light passes through a true solution, it remains invisible, but in a nano-suspension, the path becomes visible. This is a common test used in laboratories to confirm the quality of a colloid.
Which material is used in 'Nano-silver' products for its antibacterial properties?
Correct Answer: D. Silver
Silver nanoparticles release ions that kill bacteria by disrupting their cell membranes. They are used in wound dressings, water filters, and household appliances like refrigerators. This application helps in preventing infections and maintaining hygiene.
Which scanning technique uses a laser to measure the deflection of a cantilever probe?
Correct Answer: A. Atomic Force Microscopy
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) provides high-resolution topographic maps of surfaces at the nanoscale. The probe 'feels' the surface like a blind person using a cane. It is unique because it can image samples in air, vacuum, or liquid.
Which oxide is commonly used in 'Nano-sunscreens' to provide UV protection without leaving white marks?
Correct Answer: C. Zinc Oxide
Nano-sized Zinc Oxide or Titanium Dioxide particles are transparent on the skin but highly effective at blocking UV rays. Bulk versions of these oxides often appear as thick white paste. This makes the product more aesthetically pleasing for consumers.
What is the primary goal of 'Green Nanotechnology'?
Correct Answer: D. Minimizing environmental risks and using eco-friendly processes
Green nanotechnology focuses on the sustainable manufacture of nanomaterials without toxic chemicals. It aims to reduce energy consumption and environmental impact during the production phase. It also looks for ways to use nanotech to solve existing environmental problems.
Which property of Carbon Nanotubes makes them potentially useful for future space elevators?
Correct Answer: A. High tensile strength
Carbon nanotubes are estimated to be 100 times stronger than steel at a fraction of the weight. Their exceptional tensile strength is due to the strong carbon-carbon bonds. This makes them the leading candidate for building extremely long and light structural cables.
What does the 'Nanoscale' specifically refer to in measurement terms?
Correct Answer: C. Billionths of a meter
A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter, or $10^{-9}$ meters. For comparison, a human hair is about 80,000 to 100,000 nanometers wide. Working at this scale requires specialized tools and cleanroom environments.
Which type of fullerene is shaped like a tube rather than a ball?
Correct Answer: D. Carbon Nanotube
Carbon nanotubes are essentially elongated fullerenes. They were first described in detail by Sumio Iijima in 1991. These structures have unique electronic properties that can be metallic or semi-conducting.