Nanotechnology — Set 3
Technology · नैनो प्रौद्योगिकी · Questions 21–30 of 50
What is the primary material used in most current nano-electronic transistors?
Correct Answer: D. Silicon
• **Silicon** = Silicon has been the standard material for making microchips and transistors for decades. • **Key significance** — Nanotechnology allows for the creation of smaller silicon transistors, making computers faster and more efficient. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Copper is a different concept; B: Gold is a different concept; C: Iron is a different concept.
Which branch of nanotech deals with the creation of tiny machines that can perform tasks?
Correct Answer: A. Nanobotics
• **Nanobotics** = Nanobotics involve the design and construction of robots at the scale of a few nanometers. • **Key significance** — These tiny machines could potentially travel through the bloodstream to repair damaged cells. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: B: Nano-optics is a different concept; C: Nano-crystallography is a different concept; D: Nano-geology is a different concept.
What is the effect called when light is scattered by particles in a colloid or a very fine suspension?
Correct Answer: C. Tyndall Effect
• **Tyndall Effect** = The Tyndall Effect is used to identify the presence of nanoparticles in a liquid. • **Key significance** — If light passes through a true solution, it remains invisible, but in a nano-suspension, the path becomes visible. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Doppler Effect is a different concept; B: Photoelectric Effect is a different concept; D: Stark Effect is a different concept.
Which material is used in 'Nano-silver' products for its antibacterial properties?
Correct Answer: D. Silver
• **Silver** = Silver nanoparticles release ions that kill bacteria by disrupting their cell membranes. • **Key significance** — They are used in wound dressings, water filters, and household appliances like refrigerators. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Alumina is a different concept; B: Silica is a different concept; C: Titania is a different concept.
Which scanning technique uses a laser to measure the deflection of a cantilever probe?
Correct Answer: A. Atomic Force Microscopy
• **Atomic Force Microscopy** = Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) provides high-resolution topographic maps of surfaces at the nanoscale. • **Key significance** — The probe 'feels' the surface like a blind person using a cane. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: B: X-ray Diffraction is a different concept; C: Electron Spectroscopy is a different concept; D: Magnetic Resonance is a different concept.
Which oxide is commonly used in 'Nano-sunscreens' to provide UV protection without leaving white marks?
Correct Answer: C. Zinc Oxide
• **Zinc Oxide** = Nano-sized Zinc Oxide or Titanium Dioxide particles are transparent on the skin but highly effective at blocking UV rays. • **Key significance** — Bulk versions of these oxides often appear as thick white paste. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Iron Oxide is a different concept; B: Calcium Oxide is a different concept; D: Magnesium Oxide is a different concept.
What is the primary goal of 'Green Nanotechnology'?
Correct Answer: D. Minimizing environmental risks and using eco-friendly processes
• **Minimizing environmental risks and using eco-friendly processes** = Green nanotechnology focuses on the sustainable manufacture of nanomaterials without toxic chemicals. • **Key significance** — It aims to reduce energy consumption and environmental impact during the production phase. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Making plants grow faster is a different concept; B: Studying forest ecosystems is a different concept; C: Painting nano-chips green is a different concept.
Which property of Carbon Nanotubes makes them potentially useful for future space elevators?
Correct Answer: A. High tensile strength
• **High tensile strength** = Carbon nanotubes are estimated to be 100 times stronger than steel at a fraction of the weight. • **Key significance** — Their exceptional tensile strength is due to the strong carbon-carbon bonds. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: B: High density is a different concept; C: Transparency is a different concept; D: Chemical inertness is a different concept.
What does the 'Nanoscale' specifically refer to in measurement terms?
Correct Answer: C. Billionths of a meter
• **Billionths of a meter** = A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter, or $10^{-9}$ meters. • **Key significance** — For comparison, a human hair is about 80,000 to 100,000 nanometers wide. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Millimeters is a different concept; B: Millionths of a meter is a different concept; D: Trillionths of a meter is a different concept.
Which type of fullerene is shaped like a tube rather than a ball?
Correct Answer: D. Carbon Nanotube
• **Carbon Nanotube** = Carbon nanotubes are essentially elongated fullerenes. • **Key significance** — They were first described in detail by Sumio Iijima in 1991. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: C60 is a different concept; B: Astroball is a different concept; C: Graphene is a different concept.