Nanotechnology — Set 2
Technology · नैनो प्रौद्योगिकी · Questions 11–20 of 50
Which metal nanoparticles are historically famous for giving the Lycurgus Cup its unique color-changing properties?
Correct Answer: C. Gold and Silver
• **Gold and Silver** = The 4th-century Lycurgus Cup contains tiny particles of gold and silver embedded in the glass. • **Key significance** — It appears green when lit from the front and red when lit from behind. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Iron and Copper is a different concept; B: Zinc and Lead is a different concept; D: Aluminum and Nickel is a different concept.
In nanomedicine, what is the primary advantage of using nanoparticles for drug delivery?
Correct Answer: D. Targeted delivery to specific cells
• **Targeted delivery to specific cells** = The correct answer is 'Targeted delivery to specific cells'. • **Key significance** — Nanoparticles can be engineered to release medicine only at the site of a tumor or infection. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Increasing drug weight is a different concept; B: Changing drug color is a different concept; C: Reducing drug cost is a different concept.
Which approach in nanotechnology involves building structures atom-by-atom or molecule-by-molecule?
Correct Answer: A. Bottom-up approach
• **Bottom-up approach** = The bottom-up approach starts at the molecular level to assemble larger, more complex systems. • **Key significance** — It mimics biological processes where nature builds everything from individual cells and molecules. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: B: Top-down approach is a different concept; C: Side-to-side approach is a different concept; D: Inside-out approach is a different concept.
Which organization in India launched the 'Nano Mission' in 2007 to promote research and development?
Correct Answer: C. Department of Science and Technology (DST)
• **Department of Science and Technology (DST)** = The Nano Mission is India's umbrella program for capacity building and international cooperation in nanotechnology. • **Key significance** — It provides funding for research projects and the creation of specialized nano-centers. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: ISRO is a different concept; B: CSIR is a different concept; D: DRDO is a different concept.
What is the primary role of a 'nanosensor' in environmental monitoring?
Correct Answer: D. Detecting very low levels of pollutants
• **Detecting very low levels of pollutants** = Nanosensors are capable of detecting single molecules of toxic chemicals or gases in the air and water. • **Key significance** — Their high sensitivity allows for early detection of environmental hazards. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Measuring wind speed is a different concept; B: Predicting tides is a different concept; C: Counting tree growth is a different concept.
Which of the following is a potential risk associated with nanoparticles in the environment?
Correct Answer: A. They can easily penetrate biological membranes
• **They can easily penetrate biological membranes** = The correct answer is 'They can easily penetrate biological membranes'. • **Key significance** — Due to their small size, nanoparticles can enter cells and potentially cause toxicity. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: B: They are too heavy is a different concept; C: They are too large to see is a different concept; D: They make water turn blue is a different concept.
Which field of nanotechnology focuses on using biological systems as templates for nano-structures?
Correct Answer: C. Bionanotechnology
• **Bionanotechnology** = Bionanotechnology combines biology and nanotechnology to create functional devices like DNA-based computers. • **Key significance** — It uses the precise self-assembly properties of proteins and genetic material. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Nano-electronics is a different concept; B: Green Nanotech is a different concept; D: Molecular Robotics is a different concept.
What does 'MEMS' stand for in the context of miniaturized technology often linked with nanotech?
Correct Answer: D. Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems
• **Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems** = MEMS are tiny integrated devices that combine mechanical and electrical components. • **Key significance** — They are found in smartphone accelerometers and automotive airbag sensors. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Micro-Electronic Mechanical Systems is a different concept; B: Macro-Engineered Motion Systems is a different concept; C: Molecular Electric Magnetic Systems is a different concept.
Which term describes a material that can change its properties in response to an external stimulus like heat or light?
Correct Answer: A. Smart material
• **Smart material** = Smart materials at the nanoscale can self-heal, change shape, or adjust transparency automatically. • **Key significance** — Nanotechnology allows for the precise engineering of these responsive characteristics. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: B: Static material is a different concept; C: Inert material is a different concept; D: Opaque material is a different concept.
Which color does a gold nanoparticle solution typically appear when the particles are very small?
Correct Answer: C. Ruby Red
• **Ruby Red** = The correct answer is 'Ruby Red'. • **Key significance** — At the nanoscale, gold particles interact with light differently, causing them to appear red rather than yellow. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Golden is a different concept; B: Clear is a different concept; D: Deep Green is a different concept.