Nanotechnology — Set 2
Technology · नैनो प्रौद्योगिकी · Questions 11–20 of 50
Which metal nanoparticles are historically famous for giving the Lycurgus Cup its unique color-changing properties?
Correct Answer: C. Gold and Silver
The 4th-century Lycurgus Cup contains tiny particles of gold and silver embedded in the glass. It appears green when lit from the front and red when lit from behind. This is one of the earliest known examples of unintended nanotechnology application.
In nanomedicine, what is the primary advantage of using nanoparticles for drug delivery?
Correct Answer: D. Targeted delivery to specific cells
The correct answer is 'Targeted delivery to specific cells'. Nanoparticles can be engineered to release medicine only at the site of a tumor or infection. This reduces side effects by preventing the drug from affecting healthy tissues. It allows for lower dosages and more effective treatments.
Which approach in nanotechnology involves building structures atom-by-atom or molecule-by-molecule?
Correct Answer: A. Bottom-up approach
The bottom-up approach starts at the molecular level to assemble larger, more complex systems. It mimics biological processes where nature builds everything from individual cells and molecules. This contrast with the top-down approach which carves small features out of larger blocks.
Which organization in India launched the 'Nano Mission' in 2007 to promote research and development?
Correct Answer: C. Department of Science and Technology (DST)
The Nano Mission is India's umbrella program for capacity building and international cooperation in nanotechnology. It provides funding for research projects and the creation of specialized nano-centers. The mission has helped India become a significant global player in nano-science.
What is the primary role of a 'nanosensor' in environmental monitoring?
Correct Answer: D. Detecting very low levels of pollutants
Nanosensors are capable of detecting single molecules of toxic chemicals or gases in the air and water. Their high sensitivity allows for early detection of environmental hazards. These sensors are often integrated into portable devices for real-time monitoring.
Which of the following is a potential risk associated with nanoparticles in the environment?
Correct Answer: A. They can easily penetrate biological membranes
The correct answer is 'They can easily penetrate biological membranes'. Due to their small size, nanoparticles can enter cells and potentially cause toxicity. Regulatory bodies study their impact on human health and ecosystems to ensure safe usage. Proper waste management is essential to prevent unintended environmental contamination.
Which field of nanotechnology focuses on using biological systems as templates for nano-structures?
Correct Answer: C. Bionanotechnology
Bionanotechnology combines biology and nanotechnology to create functional devices like DNA-based computers. It uses the precise self-assembly properties of proteins and genetic material. This field is crucial for developing advanced diagnostic tools in healthcare.
What does 'MEMS' stand for in the context of miniaturized technology often linked with nanotech?
Correct Answer: D. Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems
MEMS are tiny integrated devices that combine mechanical and electrical components. They are found in smartphone accelerometers and automotive airbag sensors. Nanotechnology is often used to further refine and enhance these micro-scale systems.
Which term describes a material that can change its properties in response to an external stimulus like heat or light?
Correct Answer: A. Smart material
Smart materials at the nanoscale can self-heal, change shape, or adjust transparency automatically. Nanotechnology allows for the precise engineering of these responsive characteristics. They are used in aerospace, textiles, and building materials.
Which color does a gold nanoparticle solution typically appear when the particles are very small?
Correct Answer: C. Ruby Red
The correct answer is 'Ruby Red'. At the nanoscale, gold particles interact with light differently, causing them to appear red rather than yellow. This phenomenon is known as surface plasmon resonance. These unique optical properties are used in rapid diagnostic tests.