Human Diseases — Set 5

Correct Answer: C. Bacteria

The correct answer is 'Bacteria'. Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani, which usually enters the body through deep wounds or cuts. The toxin affects the nervous system, leading to painful muscle contractions, particularly in the jaw (lockjaw). The tetanus toxoid vaccine is highly effective at preventing this fatal condition.

Correct Answer: B. Kidney inflammation

Bright's disease is an old term for nephritis, which is the inflammation of the kidneys. It often results in the presence of albumin in the urine and swelling of body tissues. It can lead to chronic kidney failure if the underlying cause is not managed.

Correct Answer: D. Vitamin A

Retinol is a preformed version of Vitamin A found in animal-based foods. It is essential for vision, immune function, and skin health. Beta-carotene is the plant-based precursor that the body converts into retinol.

Correct Answer: D. Joints and Muscles

Rheumatism is a broad term for conditions causing chronic pain and inflammation in joints, muscles, or connective tissues. Arthritis is the most common form of rheumatic disease. Treatment usually involves physical therapy and anti-inflammatory medications.

Correct Answer: D. Influenza

Influenza, or the flu, is spread when an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes. The virus travels in small droplets through the air and can be inhaled by others. Good hand hygiene and seasonal vaccinations are key preventive measures.

Correct Answer: B. Whooping cough

Pertussis is a highly contagious bacterial respiratory infection characterized by severe coughing fits. These fits often end with a high-pitched 'whoop' sound during inhalation. It is particularly dangerous for infants and young children.

Correct Answer: A. Sleeping Sickness

Trypanosomiasis, or sleeping sickness, is transmitted by the tsetse fly in African regions. It involves a parasite that eventually crosses the blood-brain barrier, affecting sleep and neurological health. Without treatment, the disease is almost always fatal.

Correct Answer: D. Pernicious Anaemia

Pernicious anaemia occurs when the body cannot absorb enough Vitamin B12 to produce healthy red blood cells. B12 is essential for nerve function and DNA synthesis. This vitamin is primarily found in animal products like meat, milk, and eggs.

Correct Answer: C. Swelling of salivary glands

Mumps is a viral infection that primarily targets the parotid glands located near the ears. It causes painful swelling on one or both sides of the face. The MMR vaccine protects against Measles, Mumps, and Rubella.

Correct Answer: A. Skin

Eczema is a condition that makes the skin red, itchy, and inflamed. It is often linked to allergies or an overactive immune system. While there is no cure, it can be managed with proper moisturizing and avoiding triggers.