Environment Summits — Set 1
Environment · पर्यावरण शिखर सम्मेलन · Questions 1–10 of 50
Which international conference is widely regarded as the first major global summit on environmental issues?
Correct Answer: C. Stockholm Conference
The 1972 Stockholm Conference was the first UN meeting dedicated to the environment. It led to the creation of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). This summit established that environmental protection is a global responsibility.
In which city was the 'Earth Summit' of 1992 held to discuss sustainable development?
Correct Answer: A. Rio de Janeiro
The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) took place in Rio de Janeiro. It resulted in key documents like Agenda 21 and the Rio Declaration. This summit laid the groundwork for future climate and biodiversity treaties.
The 'Kyoto Protocol' was primarily designed to address which of the following issues?
Correct Answer: C. Greenhouse gas emissions
Adopted in 1997, the Kyoto Protocol aimed to reduce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. It placed a heavier burden on developed nations under the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. It was the first legally binding climate treaty linked to the UNFCCC.
Which global treaty was established to protect the ozone layer by phasing out CFCs?
Correct Answer: A. Montreal Protocol
The Montreal Protocol is considered the most successful environmental treaty ever implemented. It regulates the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances. Thanks to this agreement, the ozone layer is expected to recover by the middle of the century.
The 'Paris Agreement', adopted at COP21, aims to limit global temperature rise to well below how many degrees Celsius?
Correct Answer: D. 2.0°C
The agreement seeks to keep warming below 2.0°C while pursuing efforts for a 1.5°C limit. It relies on Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) submitted by each country. This landmark deal was signed by nearly every nation in 2015.
What does the abbreviation 'UNFCCC' stand for in the context of climate summits?
Correct Answer: A. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
The UNFCCC is the main international treaty for coordinating global efforts against climate change. It was opened for signature during the 1992 Rio Earth Summit. Most annual 'COP' meetings are held under the authority of this convention.
The 'Convention on Biological Diversity' (CBD) was opened for signature at which major summit?
Correct Answer: C. Rio 1992
The correct answer is 'Rio 1992'. The CBD was one of the three major treaties resulting from the Rio Earth Summit. It focuses on the conservation of diversity, sustainable use, and fair sharing of genetic resources. It recognizes that biological resources are the property of sovereign states.
Which international agreement focuses on the control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes?
Correct Answer: D. Basel Convention
The Basel Convention was adopted in 1989 to prevent the transfer of toxic waste from developed to less developed countries. it covers various types of hazardous waste, including electronic and clinical waste. The treaty promotes the environmentally sound management of such materials.
The 'Ramsar Convention' is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of?
Correct Answer: A. Wetlands
The correct answer is 'Wetlands'. Signed in Iran in 1971, the Ramsar Convention is the oldest global intergovernmental environmental agreement. It provides a framework for national action and international cooperation for wetland protection. India is a member and has numerous designated Ramsar sites.
Which environmental summit resulted in the document known as 'Agenda 21'?
Correct Answer: C. Rio Earth Summit
The correct answer is 'Rio Earth Summit'. Agenda 21 is a comprehensive plan of action for sustainable development in the 21st century. It encourages local authorities to implement sustainability goals at the community level. The '21' in its name refers to the upcoming century.