Environment Summits — Set 5
Environment · पर्यावरण शिखर सम्मेलन · Questions 41–50 of 50
The 'United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change' (UNFCCC) was established in which year?
Correct Answer: A. 1992
The UNFCCC was a primary outcome of the 1992 Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro. It provides the basic framework for all subsequent international climate change negotiations. Its ultimate goal is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere.
Which summit is famously known as the 'Rio+20' conference held in 2012?
Correct Answer: B. The Future We Want (Rio de Janeiro)
Rio+20 was the third international conference on sustainable development, held 20 years after the first Earth Summit. It resulted in a document titled 'The Future We Want'. It focused on building a green economy and improving international environmental governance.
The 'Basel Convention' is primarily concerned with the international movement of?
Correct Answer: B. Hazardous wastes
The Basel Convention was adopted in 1989 to prevent the dumping of hazardous waste from developed to developing countries. It promotes the reduction of waste generation and disposal close to its source. It covers toxic, flammable, and corrosive materials.
Which international body was created in 1988 to provide scientific assessments on climate change?
Correct Answer: B. IPCC
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established by the WMO and UNEP. It does not conduct its own research but reviews thousands of scientific papers. Its reports are used as the scientific basis for all UN climate summits.
The 'Rotterdam Convention' promotes shared responsibility in the international trade of?
Correct Answer: A. Hazardous chemicals and pesticides
The convention covers industrial chemicals and pesticides that have been banned or restricted for health or environmental reasons. It uses the 'Prior Informed Consent' (PIC) procedure for trade. It aims to protect human health and the environment from potential harm.
The 'Stockholm Convention' of 2001 is a global treaty to protect human health from?
Correct Answer: B. Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are chemicals that stay in the environment for a long time and build up in the food chain. The convention aims to eliminate or restrict their production and use. Famous examples of targeted POPs include DDT and certain industrial chemicals.
Which country hosted the first-ever COP meeting (COP 1) in 1995?
Correct Answer: B. Germany
The first Conference of the Parties (COP 1) took place in Berlin, Germany. It was the first formal meeting of countries to review the implementation of the UNFCCC. It initiated the process that eventually led to the Kyoto Protocol.
The 'Bonn Convention' (1979) is an informal name for which international treaty?
Correct Answer: B. Convention on Migratory Species (CMS)
The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) aims to protect migratory species across their entire travel range. It includes terrestrial, marine, and avian species that cross national borders. It provides a global platform for international cooperation on wildlife protection.
Which environmental summit popularized the term 'Common but Differentiated Responsibilities' (CBDR)?
Correct Answer: A. Rio Earth Summit 1992
CBDR is a principle that acknowledges all states have a shared duty to address environmental issues, but their contributions should vary based on their economic status. It was formally established at the Rio Earth Summit. It remains a core part of all climate and environmental negotiations.
The 'Cartagena Protocol' is a supplementary agreement to the CBD that focuses on?
Correct Answer: B. Biosafety and GMOs
The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety regulates the movement of living modified organisms (LMOs) resulting from biotechnology. It aims to ensure that these organisms do not harm biological diversity or human health. It emphasizes the 'precautionary principle' in international trade.