Environment Summits — Set 4
Environment · पर्यावरण शिखर सम्मेलन · Questions 31–40 of 50
In which year was the 'United Nations Environment Programme' (UNEP) founded?
Correct Answer: D. 1972
UNEP was established following the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment in 1972. It is the primary global authority that coordinates environmental activities for the UN. Its headquarters is uniquely located in Nairobi, Kenya.
Which historic document resulted from the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro?
Correct Answer: D. Agenda 21
Agenda 21 is a non-binding action plan of the UN with regard to sustainable development. It provides a blueprint for global, national, and local actions to protect the environment. The '21' refers to the challenges of the 21st century.
The 'Montreal Protocol' is specifically designed to protect which part of the atmosphere?
Correct Answer: A. Stratosphere (Ozone Layer)
This protocol targets the reduction of chemicals that cause the depletion of the ozone layer in the stratosphere. It is considered one of the most successful international environmental treaties. It has led to the phase-out of nearly 99% of ozone-depleting substances.
What is the primary goal of the 'Kyoto Protocol'?
Correct Answer: D. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions
Adopted in 1997, it was the first international agreement to set legally binding targets for reducing greenhouse gases. It applied primarily to industrialized nations under the principle of shared responsibility. It paved the way for future climate agreements like Paris.
The 'Paris Agreement' on climate change was adopted during which session of the COP?
Correct Answer: B. COP 21
COP 21 was held in Paris in 2015 and resulted in a landmark global deal to combat climate change. It aims to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius compared to pre-industrial levels. Nearly every country in the world is a party to this agreement.
The 'Convention on Biological Diversity' (CBD) has how many main goals?
Correct Answer: C. Three
The CBD has three main goals: conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of its components, and fair sharing of benefits from genetic resources. It was opened for signature at the 1992 Rio Earth Summit. It is a legally binding treaty for its member nations.
Which international organization maintains the 'Red List' of endangered species?
Correct Answer: C. IUCN
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) publishes this list to monitor the extinction risk of species globally. It is a critical tool for scientists and policymakers to prioritize conservation efforts. The list categorizes species from 'Least Concern' to 'Extinct'.
The 'Ramsar Convention' is an international treaty for the conservation of which ecosystem?
Correct Answer: B. Wetlands
Signed in 1971 in the city of Ramsar, Iran, it is one of the oldest environmental treaties. It focuses on the wise use and protection of wetlands of international importance. These sites are essential for water security and bird migration.
What is the main objective of the 'CITES' treaty?
Correct Answer: B. Regulate trade in endangered species
CITES stands for the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. It ensures that international trade in plants and animals does not threaten their survival. It protects more than 38,000 species of animals and plants.
The 'Kigali Amendment' is a major update to which existing environmental protocol?
Correct Answer: B. Montreal Protocol
Adopted in 2016, the Kigali Amendment aims to phase out hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are powerful greenhouse gases. While HFCs do not harm the ozone layer, they contribute to global warming. It is part of the ongoing success of the Montreal Protocol.