Environment Summits — Set 2
Environment · पर्यावरण शिखर सम्मेलन · Questions 11–20 of 50
The 'Minamata Convention' is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from?
Correct Answer: A. Mercury
The treaty is named after a Japanese city where devastating mercury poisoning occurred in the 1950s. It regulates mercury use in mining, industrial processes, and consumer products. It aims to reduce atmospheric emissions and protect the food chain.
The term 'Sustainable Development' was popularized by which report presented before the UN?
Correct Answer: D. Brundtland Report
The 1987 report, also known as 'Our Common Future', defined sustainable development. It emphasized meeting current needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet theirs. Gro Harlem Brundtland, the former Norwegian PM, chaired the commission.
Which convention regulates international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora?
Correct Answer: A. CITES
CITES ensures that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival. It categorizes species into three appendices based on the level of protection needed. More than 180 countries are currently parties to this treaty.
The 'Kigali Amendment' is an update to which environmental protocol to phase out HFCs?
Correct Answer: C. Montreal Protocol
Adopted in 2016, this amendment targets hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) which are potent greenhouse gases. Although HFCs do not deplete the ozone layer, they contribute significantly to global warming. It demonstrates the evolving nature of the original Montreal agreement.
Which organization was established as a result of the 1972 Stockholm Conference?
Correct Answer: D. UNEP
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya. It serves as the leading global authority that sets the environmental agenda. It coordinates environmental activities within the United Nations system.
The 'Nagoya Protocol' is a supplementary agreement to the CBD that focuses on?
Correct Answer: A. Access to genetic resources
This protocol provides a transparent legal framework for the fair and equitable sharing of benefits from genetic resources. It ensures that traditional knowledge is respected and rewarded. It was adopted in 2010 in Nagoya, Japan.
Which convention is specifically dedicated to combating land degradation and drought?
Correct Answer: C. UNCCD
The UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) was established in 1994. It is the only legally binding international agreement linking environment and development to sustainable land management. It focuses particularly on arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas.
The 'Bonn Convention' is the informal name for which international treaty?
Correct Answer: D. Convention on Migratory Species
The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) was signed in Bonn, Germany. It aims to protect terrestrial, aquatic, and avian migratory species throughout their range. It provides a platform for countries to collaborate on cross-border conservation.
In the context of the Paris Agreement, what does 'NDC' stand for?
Correct Answer: A. Nationally Determined Contributions
The correct answer is 'Nationally Determined Contributions'. NDCs are the specific climate actions and targets set by each country to reduce emissions. They represent the core mechanism of the Paris Agreement for tracking progress. Every five years, countries are expected to update and increase the ambition of their NDCs.
Which summit is also known as the 'World Summit on Sustainable Development' (WSSD) held in 2002?
Correct Answer: A. Rio+10 (Johannesburg)
Johannesburg hosted this summit ten years after the original Rio conference. It focused on implementing the goals of sustainable development and poverty eradication. It resulted in the Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development.