Environment Summits — Set 3
Environment · पर्यावरण शिखर सम्मेलन · Questions 21–30 of 50
The 'Rotterdam Convention' deals with the procedure for certain chemicals in international trade. What is this procedure called?
Correct Answer: C. Prior Informed Consent
The Prior Informed Consent (PIC) procedure requires exporters to provide information about hazardous chemicals. It allows importing countries to decide whether they wish to receive those chemicals in the future. The convention covers pesticides and industrial chemicals that have been restricted.
The 'Stockholm Convention' adopted in 2001 aims to eliminate or restrict the use of?
Correct Answer: A. Persistent Organic Pollutants
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are chemicals that remain in the environment for long periods and accumulate in the fatty tissue of living organisms. They are transported across borders by air and water far from their source. The convention targets substances like DDT and PCBs.
Which COP meeting resulted in the historic 'Paris Agreement'?
Correct Answer: C. COP 21
COP 21 was held in Paris, France, in December 2015. It brought together almost all the world's nations to commit to climate action for the first time. The resulting agreement replaced the Kyoto Protocol's framework.
The 'Cartagena Protocol' is an international treaty governing the movements of which of the following?
Correct Answer: D. Living Modified Organisms
This protocol is a supplement to the Convention on Biological Diversity. It ensures the safe handling, transport, and use of organisms resulting from modern biotechnology. It aims to protect biological diversity from potential risks posed by genetically modified organisms.
The first UN Climate Change Conference (COP 1) was held in which city in 1995?
Correct Answer: A. Berlin
Berlin, Germany, hosted the first Conference of the Parties (COP) after the UNFCCC was established. It set the stage for annual international negotiations on climate policies. Angela Merkel, the future German Chancellor, presided over this first meeting.
The 'Vienna Convention' is a framework agreement that paved the way for which famous protocol?
Correct Answer: C. Montreal Protocol
The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer was agreed upon in 1985. It did not include legally binding targets but led to the 1987 Montreal Protocol. It represents the first global consensus that the ozone layer was being destroyed by human activity.
Which environmental treaty is informally known as the 'Magna Carta' of the environment?
Correct Answer: D. Stockholm Declaration
The 1972 Stockholm Declaration is considered the 'Magna Carta' because it established the basic principles for international environmental law. It asserted that humans have a fundamental right to a quality environment. It consists of 26 major principles guiding global policy.
The 'Red List' of threatened species is maintained by which international organization?
Correct Answer: C. IUCN
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) provides the world's most comprehensive information on the extinction risk of species. It is a critical indicator of the health of the world’s biodiversity. The list is used by governments to set priorities for conservation.
Which COP meeting was the first to take place after the 1992 Earth Summit?
Correct Answer: A. COP 1 Berlin
COP 1 was held in Berlin in 1995 to assess the effectiveness of the UNFCCC. It resulted in the 'Berlin Mandate', which called for more stringent commitments for developed countries. This process eventually led to the creation of the Kyoto Protocol.
The 'Green Climate Fund' (GCF) was officially established at which climate summit?
Correct Answer: D. Cancun 2010
The GCF was established during the COP 16 meeting in Cancun, Mexico. It is intended to support developing countries in their efforts to adapt to and mitigate climate change. It is one of the world's largest dedicated funds for climate action.