World Personalities — Set 6
Famous People · विश्व हस्तियां · Questions 51–60 of 60
Who was the first Prime Minister of independent India?
Correct Answer: B. Jawaharlal Nehru
• **Jawaharlal Nehru** = The first Prime Minister of independent India. • He served as Prime Minister from **1947** until his death in 1964. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Mahatma Gandhi: Leader of the Indian independence movement, but never Prime Minister; Sardar Patel: First Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of India; Lal Bahadur Shastri: Second Prime Minister of India.
Which scientist discovered the three laws of motion and universal gravitation?
Correct Answer: B. Isaac Newton
• **Isaac Newton** = Discovered the three laws of motion and universal gravitation. • He published his findings in the work 'Principia Mathematica' in **1687**. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Albert Einstein: Developed the theory of relativity; Galileo Galilei: Made significant discoveries in astronomy and physics, but did not formulate these laws; Stephen Hawking: Theoretical physicist, known for his work on black holes.
Who was the first black president of South Africa and a Nobel Peace Prize winner?
Correct Answer: A. Nelson Mandela
• **Nelson Mandela** = The first black president of South Africa and a Nobel Peace Prize winner. • He was imprisoned for **27 years** for his fight against the apartheid system. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Desmond Tutu: South African anti-apartheid activist and Nobel Peace Prize laureate; Kofi Annan: Former Secretary-General of the United Nations and Nobel Peace Prize laureate; Robert Mugabe: Former President of Zimbabwe, not South Africa.
Which artist is famous for painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?
Correct Answer: B. Michelangelo
• **Michelangelo** = Famous for painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. • His Sistine Chapel ceiling artwork, commissioned by Pope Julius II, was completed between **1508 and 1512**. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Leonardo da Vinci: Famous for 'Mona Lisa' and 'The Last Supper'; Raphael: Italian painter known for 'School of Athens'; Vincent van Gogh: Dutch Post-Impressionist painter.
Who was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize in any category?
Correct Answer: B. Marie Curie
• **Marie Curie** = The first woman to win a Nobel Prize in any category. • She won the Nobel Prize in Physics in **1903** for her research on radioactivity. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Mother Teresa: Nobel Peace Prize winner (1979); Jane Addams: Nobel Peace Prize winner (1931); Pearl S. Buck: Nobel Prize in Literature winner (1938).
Who is known as the 'Father of the Nation' in the United States?
Correct Answer: B. George Washington
• **George Washington** = Known as the 'Father of the Nation' in the United States. • He served as the **first** President of the United States for two terms from 1789 to 1797. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Abraham Lincoln: 16th President, known for preserving the Union; Thomas Jefferson: Third President, a key Founding Father; Benjamin Franklin: A prominent Founding Father, inventor, and diplomat, but not the first President.
Which explorer is credited with the first European discovery of the American continents in 1492?
Correct Answer: A. Christopher Columbus
• **Christopher Columbus** = Credited with the first European discovery of the American continents. • His first voyage across the Atlantic Ocean, reaching the Americas, occurred in **1492**. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Amerigo Vespucci: Explorer after whom the Americas were named, but sailed later; Ferdinand Magellan: First to circumnavigate the Earth; John Cabot: Explored the coast of North America for England, but after Columbus.
Who was the first human to travel into outer space in 1961?
Correct Answer: B. Yuri Gagarin
• **Yuri Gagarin** = The first human to travel into outer space. • His historic flight in the Vostok 1 spacecraft occurred on April 12, **1961**. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Neil Armstrong: First human to walk on the Moon; Buzz Aldrin: Second human to walk on the Moon; John Glenn: First American to orbit the Earth.
Which nurse is celebrated as the founder of modern nursing?
Correct Answer: B. Florence Nightingale
• **Florence Nightingale** = Celebrated as the founder of modern nursing. • She established the first professional nursing school at St Thomas' Hospital in London in **1860**. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Clara Barton: Founder of the American Red Cross; Mary Seacole: Jamaican nurse who also provided care during the Crimean War, but not credited as the founder of modern nursing; Dorothea Dix: American advocate for the mentally ill, not a founder of modern nursing practice.
Who was the primary leader of the Indian independence movement and an icon of non-violent resistance?
Correct Answer: B. Mahatma Gandhi
• **Mahatma Gandhi** = The primary leader of the Indian independence movement. • He led the historic Salt March (Dandi March) against British rule in **1930**. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: Jawaharlal Nehru: First Prime Minister of independent India; Subhash Chandra Bose: Prominent nationalist who led the Azad Hind Fauj; Bhagat Singh: Revolutionary freedom fighter known for his acts of defiance.