Pollution & Protocols — Set 2
Geography · प्रदूषण और प्रोटोकॉल · Questions 11–20 of 60
What is the main component of 'Photochemical Smog'?
Correct Answer: B. Ground-level Ozone
Ground-level ozone is formed when sunlight reacts with pollutants like nitrogen oxides. It is a major health hazard and a key part of hazy smog in cities. Unlike stratospheric ozone, this type of ozone is harmful to breathe.
The 'Basal Convention' is concerned with the control of which environmental issue?
Correct Answer: C. Transboundary movements of hazardous wastes
The Basel Convention aims to reduce the movement of hazardous waste between nations, especially from developed to less developed countries. It covers a wide range of wastes defined as 'hazardous' based on their origin. This treaty helps prevent the dumping of toxic materials in vulnerable regions.
Which of the following is a non-point source of water pollution?
Correct Answer: C. Agricultural runoff
Agricultural runoff comes from large areas of land rather than a single specific pipe. It carries pollutants like fertilizers and pesticides into rivers and lakes. Non-point sources are generally harder to control and regulate.
What is the unit used to measure the intensity of noise pollution?
Correct Answer: B. Decibel
The decibel (dB) is a logarithmic unit used to express the ratio of two values of a physical quantity. In environmental terms, it measures the sound pressure level. Prolonged exposure to noise above 85 dB can cause permanent hearing damage.
The 'Earth Summit' 1992 was held in which city?
Correct Answer: D. Rio de Janeiro
The correct answer is 'Rio de Janeiro'. The Earth Summit, officially known as UNCED, was a major UN conference held in Brazil. It led to the creation of the Agenda 21 and the UNFCCC. This summit focused on sustainable development and environmental protection.
Which pollutant causes the 'Itai-Itai' disease?
Correct Answer: D. Cadmium
Itai-Itai disease is caused by chronic cadmium poisoning, often through contaminated water or rice. It leads to severe softening of the bones and kidney failure. The name translates to 'it hurts-it hurts' due to the intense pain experienced.
Which gas is known as the 'Silent Killer' because it is colorless, odorless, and highly toxic?
Correct Answer: B. Carbon Monoxide
Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin in the blood, preventing it from carrying oxygen. It is produced by the incomplete combustion of fuels. Early symptoms of poisoning include headaches and dizziness.
The 'Ramsar Convention' is an international treaty for the conservation of which ecosystem?
Correct Answer: D. Wetlands
The Ramsar Convention provides a framework for the conservation and wise use of wetlands. It was signed in 1971 in the Iranian city of Ramsar. Wetlands are vital for biodiversity and water purification.
Which of the following is a major contributor to 'Indoor Air Pollution' in rural households?
Correct Answer: D. Biomass fuel
The correct answer is 'Biomass fuel'. Burning wood, charcoal, or crop waste for cooking releases high levels of smoke and toxins. This type of pollution is a leading cause of respiratory diseases in women and children. Improving ventilation or using cleaner stoves can mitigate these risks.
Which international agreement aims for the 'Fair and Equitable Sharing' of benefits arising from genetic resources?
Correct Answer: D. Nagoya Protocol
The Nagoya Protocol is a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity. It ensures that indigenous communities benefit from the use of their traditional knowledge. This protocol helps prevent 'biopiracy' globally.