Pollution & Protocols — Set 4
Geography · प्रदूषण और प्रोटोकॉल · Questions 31–40 of 60
What is the primary objective of the 'Vienna Convention'?
Correct Answer: B. Protection of the ozone layer
The Vienna Convention was the first international framework for the protection of the ozone layer. It did not include legally binding reduction targets for CFCs. These targets were later established by the Montreal Protocol.
Excessive 'Fluoride' in drinking water primarily leads to which condition?
Correct Answer: C. Skeletal Fluorosis
The correct answer is 'Skeletal Fluorosis'. Chronic intake of high fluoride levels causes damage to bones and teeth. It can lead to joint pain, stiffening of the spine, and dental mottling. This is a significant public health issue in several regions with high natural fluoride in groundwater.
Which pollutant is mainly responsible for the 'Black Lung Disease' in miners?
Correct Answer: B. Coal dust
Coal workers' pneumoconiosis is caused by long-term inhalation of coal mine dust. The dust accumulates in the lungs, leading to inflammation and scarring. This occupational hazard is prevalent in the mining industry worldwide.
What is the significance of the 'COP' meetings in international protocols?
Correct Answer: D. Conference of the Parties
COP is the supreme decision-making body of an international convention. It consists of representatives from all nations that are parties to the treaty. These meetings are held regularly to review the implementation of agreements like the UNFCCC.
Which chemical is often used in water treatment to kill harmful bacteria?
Correct Answer: C. Chlorine
Chlorination is a common method used to disinfect drinking water and swimming pools. Chlorine is highly effective at destroying most pathogens. However, it must be carefully managed to avoid the formation of harmful byproducts.
The 'Kigali Amendment' is an amendment to which protocol?
Correct Answer: A. Montreal Protocol
The correct answer is 'Montreal Protocol'. The Kigali Amendment aims to phase down the use of Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). While HFCs do not deplete the ozone layer, they are powerful greenhouse gases. This agreement helps in the global effort to combat climate change.
Which indicator species is commonly used to detect sulfur dioxide pollution in the air?
Correct Answer: A. Lichens
Lichens are highly sensitive to air quality because they lack a protective cuticle. Their absence or limited growth in an area often indicates high levels of sulfur dioxide. They serve as reliable biological monitors for environmental scientists.
Which layer of soil is most affected by 'Salinization' due to over-irrigation?
Correct Answer: B. Topsoil
The correct answer is 'Topsoil'. Salinization occurs when salt accumulates in the upper layers of the soil. This happens when water evaporates, leaving minerals behind, often due to poor drainage. Excessive salt prevents crops from absorbing water, leading to land degradation.
What does 'E-waste' stand for in environmental management?
Correct Answer: B. Electronic Waste
E-waste refers to discarded electronic devices like computers, phones, and televisions. These items contain hazardous substances like lead, mercury, and flame retardants. Proper recycling is necessary to recover valuable metals and prevent toxic leakage.
Which international body provides scientific assessments on climate change?
Correct Answer: A. IPCC
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) synthesizes research from thousands of scientists. It provides governments with information to develop climate policies. It was established by the WMO and UNEP in 1988.