Q: Which gas is primarily associated with the 'Ozone Hole' over Antarctica?
Answer: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Explanation: CFCs release chlorine atoms when exposed to UV light in the stratosphere. These chlorine atoms then catalyze the destruction of ozone molecules. This chemical reaction is particularly efficient in the cold conditions of the Antarctic spring.
Q: Which convention is focused on the conservation of 'Migratory Species' of wild animals?
Answer: Bonn Convention
Explanation: The Bonn Convention (CMS) provides a platform for countries to protect animals that cross international borders. It covers terrestrial, marine, and avian migratory species. Protecting their habitats along migration routes is essential for their survival.
Q: Which chemical is the primary cause of 'Minamata' disease?
Answer: Methyl Mercury
Explanation: Methyl mercury is a highly toxic organic form of mercury that accumulates in fish. Consuming contaminated seafood leads to neurological damage and sensory loss. The disease was first identified after industrial waste was dumped into Minamata Bay.
Q: Which protocol was the first to implement 'Carbon Credits' and 'Clean Development Mechanism'?
Answer: Kyoto Protocol
Explanation: The Kyoto Protocol introduced market-based mechanisms to help countries meet their emission targets. Carbon credits allow nations to trade emission permits to achieve cost-effective reductions. These tools were designed to encourage private sector investment in green projects.
Q: What is the primary pollutant found in 'E-waste' that damages the nervous system?
Answer: Lead
Explanation: Lead is commonly used in soldering and glass in older electronic devices. If not recycled properly, it can leach into soil and water, posing serious health risks. It is especially toxic to the brain and kidneys of developing children.
Q: Which gas is produced by 'Rice Paddies' and is a significant greenhouse gas?
Answer: Methane
Explanation: Flooded rice fields provide an anaerobic environment where bacteria produce methane. Agriculture is one of the largest human-related sources of this potent gas. Research is ongoing into water management techniques to reduce these emissions.
Q: Which convention is specifically about 'Persistent Organic Pollutants'?
Answer: Stockholm Convention
Explanation: The Stockholm Convention aims to protect humans and the environment from chemicals that persist and bioaccumulate. These substances can cause cancer and reproductive disorders. The initial list of chemicals was known as the 'Dirty Dozen'.
Q: What is the main environmental impact of 'Acid Rain' on forests?
Answer: Leaching of essential nutrients
Explanation: Acid rain dissolves minerals like calcium and magnesium that trees need to stay healthy. It also releases aluminum into the soil, which is toxic to plants. This damage makes forests more vulnerable to diseases and extreme weather.
Q: Which international agreement set the goal to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius?
Answer: Paris Agreement
Explanation: The Paris Agreement was signed in 2015 by nearly every nation to address the threat of climate change. It relies on Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to reach its targets. The agreement emphasizes the need to limit temperature rise to 1.5 degrees if possible.
Q: What is the primary source of 'Mercury' pollution in the atmosphere?
Answer: Coal-fired power plants
Explanation: Burning coal releases small amounts of mercury naturally present in the fuel into the air. Once airborne, it can travel globally before being deposited in water and soil. Large-scale mining and gold processing also contribute significantly to mercury levels.