Delhi Sultanate — Set 2

Correct Answer: B. Malik Kafur

• **Malik Kafur** = Alauddin Khilji's general who conquered South India (1309–1311 campaigns). • Defeated **Yadavas, Kakatiyas, Hoysalas, and Pandyas** — brought enormous wealth to Delhi. • Was a **eunuch slave** purchased for 1000 dinars; called 'Hazar Dinari' (Thousand Dinar man). • 💡 Ulugh Khan = North India campaigns; Nusrat Khan = Gujarat conquest — not South India commander.

Correct Answer: D. Alauddin Khilji

• **Hilyah** = descriptive roll (physical features of each soldier); **Dagh** = royal brand on horses — by Alauddin. • Introduced to **prevent bogus soldiers** and horse substitution — curbed military corruption effectively. • Part of Alauddin's **army reforms**: paid soldiers in cash, fixed prices via market control policy. • 💡 Balban = Diwan-i-Arz (military dept); Akbar = also used Dagh later; Sher Shah = also used both.

Correct Answer: D. Alauddin Khilji

• **Alai Darwaza** = southern gateway to Qutub Minar complex, built by **Alauddin Khilji** in **1311 AD**. • Built with **red sandstone and white marble** — first true dome (**true arch**) in India. • Part of Alauddin's plan to expand the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque — only one gate was completed. • 💡 Firoz Tughlaq = repaired Qutub Minar; Iltutmish = built Iltutmish's tomb; Aibak = Quwwat mosque.

Correct Answer: C. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq

• **Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq** founded the Tughlaq Dynasty in **1320 AD** — defeated usurper Khusrau Khan. • Built the fortified city of **Tughlaqabad** in Delhi — known for efficient administration and roads. • Died in **1325** in a collapsed pavilion accident — possibly arranged by his son Muhammad bin Tughlaq. • 💡 Muhammad bin Tughlaq = 2nd Tughlaq ruler; Firoz = 3rd; Abu Bakr = later weak ruler — not founder.

Correct Answer: C. Muhammad bin Tughlaq

• **Muhammad bin Tughlaq** shifted capital from Delhi to **Daulatabad** (Devagiri) in **1327 AD**. • Aimed to control South India — but failed due to **water scarcity and logistical hardship**. • **Forced entire Delhi population** to march 1,500 km south — thousands died on the way. • 💡 Ibrahim Lodi, Alauddin, Firoz Tughlaq — none shifted capital; only Muhammad bin Tughlaq did this.

Correct Answer: B. Muhammad bin Tughlaq

• **Muhammad bin Tughlaq** introduced **Token Currency** — copper coins valued equal to silver Tanka. • Failed because citizens **mass-forged copper coins** easily — treasury was drained exchanging them. • Sultan had to **recall all copper coins** and exchange for silver — huge financial loss. • 💡 Sher Shah = reformed currency with silver Rupiya; Akbar = also used Rupiya; Alauddin = no such experiment.

Correct Answer: D. Muhammad bin Tughlaq

• **Diwan-i-Kohi** = Agriculture Department established by **Muhammad bin Tughlaq** to expand farming. • Provided **loans (taqavi) to farmers** for seeds and cultivation in barren lands around Doab. • Failed due to **corruption and inexperienced officials** — Doab famine made matters worse. • 💡 Firoz Tughlaq = Diwan-i-Bandagan (slaves); Diwan-i-Khairat (charity) — not agriculture dept.

Correct Answer: A. Firoz Shah Tughlaq

• **Diwan-i-Bandagan** = Department for Slaves, established by **Firoz Shah Tughlaq**. • He owned **1,80,000 slaves** trained in crafts and arts — largest slave establishment in Sultanate history. • Also established **Diwan-i-Khairat** (charity) and **Diwan-i-Risalat** (appeals) — welfare-focused ruler. • 💡 Muhammad Tughlaq = Diwan-i-Kohi (agriculture); Alauddin = Diwan-i-Mustakhraj (revenue arrears).

Correct Answer: C. Firoz Shah Tughlaq

• **Firoz Shah Tughlaq** first imposed **Jizya on Brahmins** — previously Brahmins were exempt. • **Jizya** = poll tax on non-Muslims for protection and exemption from military service. • Done to follow strict **Islamic orthodoxy** as advised by the Ulema (Islamic scholars). • 💡 Aurangzeb = reimposed Jizya (Akbar abolished it); Alauddin = no Jizya on Brahmins; Sikandar Lodi = bigoted but no Jizya extension.

Correct Answer: D. Tughlaq

• **Timur** (Tamerlane) invaded India in **1398 AD** during reign of **Nasiruddin Mahmud Tughlaq**. • Plundered Delhi, **massacred thousands** — Tughlaq Sultan fled the capital in fear. • Timur's invasion ended the **Tughlaq dynasty's power**; Sayyid dynasty rose in its aftermath (1414). • 💡 Lodi dynasty was not yet established in 1398; Sayyid and Khilji were different periods entirely.