Viceroys & Acts — Set 6
Indian History · वायसराय और अधिनियम · Questions 51–60 of 100
The First Anglo-Sikh War was fought during the Governor-Generalship of:
Correct Answer: D. Lord Hardinge I
• **Lord Hardinge I** — First Anglo-Sikh War (**1845–46**) ended with Treaty of Lahore. • British gained **Jalandhar Doab** and installed a Resident at Lahore. • Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848–49) under **Dalhousie** led to full Punjab annexation. • 💡 Auckland = First Afghan War; Ellenborough = Sindh annexation; Metcalfe = preceded Hardinge I.
The first telegraph line in India was opened during the tenure of:
Correct Answer: C. Lord Dalhousie
• **Lord Dalhousie** opened first telegraph line — Calcutta to Diamond Harbour, **1851**. • Telegraph extended to Agra, Bombay, and Peshawar — crucial for military communication. • Telegraph played key role in **suppressing the 1857 Revolt** by coordinating British forces. • 💡 Canning = Income Tax 1860; Bentinck = English education 1835; Curzon = Police Commission 1902.
Who introduced the Income Tax in India for the first time?
Correct Answer: C. Lord Canning
• **Lord Canning** introduced Income Tax in **1860** to address post-1857 financial crisis. • Presented by Finance Member **James Wilson** as a temporary emergency measure. • Also introduced Portfolio System informally — formalized by ICA 1861. • 💡 Dalhousie = telegraph/railways, not Income Tax; Mayo = financial decentralization; Ripon = Factory Act.
Which Act introduced the principle of election, though indirect, for the first time?
Correct Answer: B. Indian Councils Act 1892
• **Indian Councils Act 1892** introduced **indirect election** principle — first time elections in India. • Members nominated on recommendation of local bodies, universities, and chambers of commerce. • Also increased functions of legislative councils — could discuss budget and ask questions. • 💡 ICA 1909 = direct separate electorates; GoI 1858 = Crown rule; ICA 1861 = Portfolio System.
The Indian Universities Act of 1904 was passed during the tenure of:
Correct Answer: D. Lord Curzon
• **Lord Curzon** passed Indian Universities Act **1904** — based on Raleigh Commission. • Increased **government control** over university senates and reduced their size. • Nationalists criticized it as attempt to suppress **political activity** in universities. • 💡 Elgin II = predecessor; Minto II = successor; Lansdowne = Durand Line, not education reform.
Who made the 'Deepavali Declaration' in 1929 promising Dominion Status?
Correct Answer: D. Lord Irwin
• **Lord Irwin** made 'Deepavali Declaration' on **October 31, 1929** — promised Dominion Status. • No timeline given — Congress dissatisfied, passed **Purna Swaraj** at Lahore Session 1929. • Led to Salt March (1930) and Civil Disobedience Movement by Gandhi. • 💡 Reading = Chauri Chaura; Wellington = no such declaration; Linlithgow = August Offer 1940.
Who was the Viceroy when the Quit India Movement was launched in 1942?
Correct Answer: D. Lord Linlithgow
• **Lord Linlithgow** — Viceroy during Quit India Movement (**August 1942**); 'Do or Die' by Gandhi. • Longest tenure as Viceroy: **1936–1943** (7 years). • His term also saw WWII outbreak (1939) and **Congress ministries' resignation (1939)**. • 💡 Mountbatten = last Viceroy; Willingdon = CDM 1932; Wavell = succeeded Linlithgow in 1943.
The Cabinet Mission visited India in 1946 during the viceroyalty of:
Correct Answer: C. Lord Wavell
• **Lord Wavell** was Viceroy when Cabinet Mission arrived in **1946**. • Cabinet Mission proposed **united India** with 3-tier federal structure — Congress accepted initially. • Plan failed when Jinnah rejected it — led to **Direct Action Day (Aug 16, 1946)**. • 💡 Linlithgow = Cripps Mission; Mountbatten = succeeded Wavell, finalized partition; Willingdon = CDM era.
Who succeeded Lord Cornwallis and followed a policy of Non-Intervention?
Correct Answer: B. Sir John Shore
• **Sir John Shore** succeeded Cornwallis and followed strict **Non-Intervention** policy. • Mandated by **Charter Act 1793** — avoid costly wars and entanglements. • His inaction allowed **Maratha power to grow** — later reversed by Wellesley. • 💡 Minto I = not Shore's immediate successor; Lord Hastings = Third Maratha War; Wellesley = Subsidiary Alliance.
The Vellore Mutiny of 1806 took place during the tenure of:
Correct Answer: B. Sir George Barlow
• **Sir George Barlow** — Vellore Mutiny **1806** occurred during his tenure as GG. • Sepoys revolted against new dress codes — removal of **caste marks and earrings**. • Considered a precursor to the **1857 revolt** — showed deep discontent in Indian army. • 💡 Lord Hastings = Third Maratha War; Wellesley = preceded Barlow; Minto I = succeeded Barlow.