Viceroys & Acts — Set 7
Indian History · वायसराय और अधिनियम · Questions 61–70 of 100
The Third Anglo-Maratha War, which dissolved the Maratha Confederacy, occurred under:
Correct Answer: B. Lord Hastings
• **Lord Hastings** (1813–1823) won Third Anglo-Maratha War — **Peshwaship abolished**. • Maratha territories annexed; established **British paramountcy** over most of India. • Also defeated Gurkhas in Anglo-Nepal War (1814–16) — Treaty of Sagauli. • 💡 Minto I = preceded Hastings; Cornwallis = Permanent Settlement; Wellesley = Subsidiary Alliance.
Who appointed Colonel Sleeman to suppress the Thugs?
Correct Answer: D. Lord William Bentinck
• **Lord William Bentinck** appointed Colonel **William Sleeman** to suppress Thuggee (1830). • Thugs (Thugee) were hereditary robbers who **strangled travelers** as religious ritual. • By **1835**, menace largely eradicated — Sleeman became famous as 'Thugee Sleeman'. • 💡 Amherst = Burmese War; Auckland = Afghan War; Hastings = Third Maratha War.
The Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act of 1856 was drafted during the tenure of:
Correct Answer: C. Lord Dalhousie
• Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act **1856** — drafted under Dalhousie, enacted by **Lord Canning**. • **Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar** campaigned persistently for this landmark legislation. • First law in British India to permit Hindu widows to legally remarry. • 💡 Hardinge I = not associated; Ellenborough = Sindh/slavery; Dalhousie = drafted it but Canning enacted.
Who initiated the process of financial decentralization in India?
Correct Answer: B. Lord Mayo
• **Lord Mayo** initiated financial decentralization in **1870** — gave provinces fixed grants. • Provinces managed **police, education, roads** with their own budgets. • First step toward local self-government — built on by Lord Ripon in 1882. • 💡 Lytton = Vernacular Press Act; Ripon = formal Local Self-Govt 1882; Curzon = Police Commission 1902.
The First Factory Act of 1881 was passed by which Viceroy?
Correct Answer: A. Lord Ripon
• **Lord Ripon** passed First Factory Act **1881** — protected child workers in factories. • Prohibited employment of children **under 7 years**; limited hours for those under 12. • Also mandated weekly rest day — first labor legislation in colonial India. • 💡 Dufferin = INC founded 1885; Lytton = Vernacular Press Act; Mayo = financial decentralization.
The Third Anglo-Burmese War, resulting in the annexation of Upper Burma, happened under:
Correct Answer: C. Lord Dufferin
• **Lord Dufferin** — Third Anglo-Burmese War **1885**; King Thibaw defeated. • **Upper Burma annexed** — completed British conquest of all of Burma. • Burma administered as part of British India until 1937, then separated by GoI Act 1935. • 💡 Ripon = predecessor (Factory Act); Elgin II = successor (famine 1896); Lansdowne = Durand Line.
The Age of Consent Act 1891 was passed during the viceroyalty of:
Correct Answer: A. Lord Lansdowne
• **Lord Lansdowne** — Age of Consent Act **1891** raised girls' consent age from **10 to 12**. • Triggered by death of child bride Phulmani Dasi — social reformers pushed the law. • **Bal Gangadhar Tilak** opposed it as colonial interference in Hindu religion and customs. • 💡 Dufferin = predecessor (Third Burmese War); Elgin II = successor; Curzon = Universities Act 1904.
Who appointed the Police Commission under Andrew Frazer in 1902?
Correct Answer: C. Lord Curzon
• **Lord Curzon** appointed Police Commission under **Sir Andrew Frazer** in **1902**. • Recommended reforms in police administration and establishment of **CID** (Criminal Investigation Dept). • Also led to systematic reorganization of district police structure. • 💡 Minto II = Muslim League; Chelmsford = Rowlatt Act; Hardinge II = capital shift — none related to Police Commission.
The All India Muslim League was founded in 1906 during the term of:
Correct Answer: B. Lord Minto II
• **Lord Minto II** — All India Muslim League founded in **Dhaka, 1906**. • Founded by **Aga Khan** and **Nawab Salimullah** of Dhaka — demanded separate Muslim interests. • Minto-Morley Reforms (1909) gave Muslims **separate electorates** — reward for loyalty. • 💡 Hardinge II = capital shift 1911; Chelmsford = WWI era; Curzon = partition Bengal, retired 1905.
The Saddler University Commission was appointed in 1917 during the tenure of:
Correct Answer: C. Lord Chelmsford
• **Lord Chelmsford** appointed Saddler Commission **1917** to review Calcutta University. • Recommended separating **intermediate education** from degree colleges. • Also emphasized **female education** and vocational training reforms. • 💡 Hardinge II = predecessor; Reading = Chauri Chaura 1922; Irwin = succeeded Reading.