Viceroys & Acts — Set 8

Correct Answer: D. Lord Reading

• **Lord Reading** (1921–1926) — Kakori Train Robbery **August 9, 1925** during his tenure. • **HRA** (Hindustan Republican Association) revolutionaries looted government treasury train. • Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqullah Khan hanged — became revolutionary martyrs. • 💡 Chelmsford = Rowlatt Act era; Irwin = Simon Commission; Willingdon = CDM 1932.

Correct Answer: A. Lord Irwin

• **Lord Irwin** was Viceroy when Purna Swaraj resolution passed at Lahore Session **1929**. • **Jawaharlal Nehru** presided — demanded complete independence, not Dominion Status. • First Independence Day celebrated on **January 26, 1930** — now Republic Day date. • 💡 Willingdon = CDM relaunch; Reading = Non-Cooperation era; Linlithgow = Quit India 1942.

Correct Answer: C. Lord Willingdon

• **Lord Willingdon** was Viceroy during Second Round Table Conference **1931**. • **Gandhi** represented Congress after Gandhi-Irwin Pact — only Indian leader attending. • Conference failed on **communal question** — Jinnah vs Gandhi, Ambedkar vs Gandhi. • 💡 Wavell = Cabinet Mission 1946; Irwin = Gandhi-Irwin Pact era; Linlithgow = Cripps Mission 1942.

Correct Answer: B. Government of India Act 1935

• **GoI Act 1935** provided for separation of Burma from India — effective **April 1, 1937**. • Also established **Federal Court** of India (forerunner of Supreme Court). • Act abolished Dyarchy in provinces and introduced Provincial Autonomy. • 💡 ICA 1909 = separate electorates; GoI 1919 = introduced Dyarchy; Independence Act 1947 = formal partition.

Correct Answer: A. Lord Wavell

• **Lord Wavell** was Viceroy during RIN Mutiny — **February 1946** in Bombay. • Naval ratings revolted against **poor food, racial discrimination**, and colonial injustice. • Signaled British could no longer rely on **Indian armed forces** — accelerated transfer of power. • 💡 Mountbatten = arrived March 1947; Linlithgow = Quit India 1942; Willingdon = CDM era.

Correct Answer: D. Regulating Act 1773

• **Regulating Act 1773** created office of Governor-General of Bengal. • **Warren Hastings** was first to hold this post — served until 1785. • Subordinated Bombay and Madras presidencies to **Bengal** — centralized authority. • 💡 Charter 1813 = trade monopoly; Pitt's 1784 = Board of Control; Charter 1833 = GG of India title.

Correct Answer: D. Charter Act 1833

• **Charter Act 1833** provided for Law Commission — codify and reform Indian laws. • **Lord Macaulay** appointed first Law Member of Governor-General's Council. • Led to drafting of **Indian Penal Code (IPC)** — enacted in 1860. • 💡 Regulating 1773 = Supreme Court; Charter 1853 = open civil services; ICA 1861 = Portfolio System.

Correct Answer: D. Government of India Act 1935

• **GoI Act 1935** proposed Dyarchy at Centre — but federal provisions **never implemented**. • Abolished Dyarchy in provinces, replaced with Provincial Autonomy. • Princes refused to join All-India Federation — entire federal structure remained on paper. • 💡 ICA 1909 = separate electorates; GoI 1919 = introduced Dyarchy in provinces; Independence 1947 = final end.

Correct Answer: D. Regulating Act 1773

• **Regulating Act 1773** established Supreme Court at Calcutta — first British court in India. • **Sir Elijah Impey** was first Chief Justice — personal friend of Warren Hastings. • Court had jurisdiction over all British subjects in Bengal — landmark legal institution. • 💡 Charter 1833 = Law Commission; Pitt's 1784 = Board of Control; GoI 1858 = Crown rule.

Correct Answer: C. Lord Cornwallis

• **Lord Cornwallis** — 'Father of Civil Services'; restructured ICS to curb corruption. • Restricted **private trade** by company officials — raised salaries as compensation. • Also introduced Cornwallis Code and **Permanent Settlement 1793**. • 💡 Warren Hastings = Dual System, Ring Fence; Dalhousie = Doctrine of Lapse; Wellesley = Subsidiary Alliance.