G20, BRICS, SCO & QUAD — Set 10
International Relations · G20, BRICS, SCO और QUAD · Questions 91–100 of 160
The QUAD 'Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief' (HADR) framework was significantly tested by which event?
Correct Answer: D. COVID-19 pandemic response
The QUAD HADR framework and vaccine initiative were most significantly tested during the COVID-19 pandemic. QUAD Vaccine Initiative pledged 1 billion doses for Indo-Pacific countries. Prior to QUAD's formalization, US, India, Japan, and Australia coordinated relief during the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami — which Abe cited as inspiration for QUAD.
What is 'Track 2' diplomacy within SCO context?
Correct Answer: B. Academic and think-tank dialogues that inform official SCO positions
Track 2 diplomacy within SCO involves academic institutions, think tanks, and research organizations from member countries that hold dialogues on security, economic, and cultural issues. These inform official (Track 1) SCO positions. India's ORF (Observer Research Foundation) and IDSA participate in SCO Track 2 dialogues.
The G20's 'Global Infrastructure Hub' is based in which city?
Correct Answer: C. Sydney
The G20 Global Infrastructure Hub (GIH) is headquartered in Sydney, Australia. It was established at the G20 Brisbane Summit in 2014 to catalyze private investment in infrastructure globally. GIH publishes the Global Infrastructure Outlook report tracking infrastructure gaps and investment needs.
India's BRICS Trade Ministers Meeting during India's BRICS 2021 Chairmanship focused on what?
Correct Answer: C. Regional Value Chains and Digital Trade
During India's BRICS 2021 Chairmanship, Trade Ministers discussed boosting BRICS intra-trade, regional value chains, digital trade, and services trade. BRICS intra-trade is about 18-20% of each member's total trade. India pushed for digital trade frameworks and Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise (MSME) cooperation.
The 'BRICS Leaders' Retreat' at each summit is what?
Correct Answer: B. An informal restricted session where leaders discuss sensitive issues candidly
The BRICS Leaders' Retreat is an informal, restricted session (usually without aides/note-takers) where BRICS heads of state discuss sensitive geopolitical issues more candidly than in formal sessions. Key decisions or understandings from the Retreat often shape the summit's tone. PM Modi and President Xi Jinping's bilateral conversations at BRICS often begin with Retreat discussions.
India's 'Digital India' and 'Jan Dhan Yojana' were presented at G20 as models for what?
Correct Answer: B. Financial inclusion and digital public infrastructure
India presented its Jan Dhan Yojana (financial inclusion), Aadhaar, and UPI payment systems at G20 as successful Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) models for achieving financial inclusion in developing countries. The G20 adopted a DPI framework under India's presidency. India demonstrated that DPI could deliver financial services to 500+ million previously unbanked citizens.
The 'Global South' concept in diplomacy refers to what?
Correct Answer: B. Developing and emerging economies, often former colonies, with lower incomes
'Global South' refers broadly to developing and emerging economies — often in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, many of them former colonies — that face development challenges and are underrepresented in global governance. India used its G20 presidency to champion Global South interests. India's 'Voice of the Global South' Summit convened 125+ countries.
The QUAD Leaders in 2022 agreed on a 'QUAD Fellowship' program. What does it involve?
Correct Answer: B. Scholarships for STEM students from QUAD countries to study in each other's institutions
The QUAD Fellowship, announced at the QUAD Summit, provides 100 annual scholarships for STEM graduate students from QUAD countries (25 per country) to pursue studies in the USA. The fellowship is privately funded by US companies including Abbott, Blackstone, Boeing, Lockheed Martin, and Mastercard. It aims to build a technology talent pipeline across QUAD nations.
India's BRICS Sherpa during the 2023 Johannesburg Summit (and earlier periods) was who?
Correct Answer: C. Dammu Ravi
India's BRICS Sherpa has been Dammu Ravi (Additional Secretary in MEA for Economic Relations). The Sherpa leads negotiations on the BRICS Joint Statement and coordinates India's positions. India's Sherpa process is coordinated by MEA's International Economic Relations division.
The G20 'Sustainable Finance Working Group' (SFWG) co-chaired by India in 2023 focused on which key output?
Correct Answer: B. G20 Sustainable Finance Synthesis Report and voluntary TaxonAccord
Under India's G20 Presidency, the Sustainable Finance Working Group (SFWG) produced the G20 Sustainable Finance Synthesis Report and worked on developing sustainable finance taxonomies and climate disclosure frameworks. The output endorsed at the New Delhi Summit included frameworks for blended finance for climate action in developing countries.