G20, BRICS, SCO & QUAD — Set 2
International Relations · G20, BRICS, SCO और QUAD · Questions 11–20 of 160
The BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) is an emergency reserve fund of what size?
Correct Answer: B. $100 billion
The BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) is a $100 billion emergency reserve fund established at the Fortaleza Summit (2014). It provides liquidity support to BRICS members facing balance of payments difficulties. China contributes the largest share at $41 billion.
At the BRICS Johannesburg Summit 2023, which 6 new countries were invited to join BRICS?
Correct Answer: B. Argentina, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, UAE
At the BRICS Johannesburg Summit in August 2023, six new members were invited: Argentina (later declined), Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and UAE. Except Argentina, all joined in January 2024, making it BRICS+. Argentina under Javier Milei declined to join.
The SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organisation) was established in which year?
Correct Answer: B. 2001
The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) was established on 15 June 2001 with the signing of the Declaration on the Establishment of the SCO in Shanghai. It evolved from the 'Shanghai Five' (1996) — China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan — with Uzbekistan joining to form SCO. India and Pakistan became full members in 2017.
India and Pakistan became full members of SCO in which year?
Correct Answer: C. 2017
India and Pakistan were admitted as full members of SCO at the Astana Summit in Kazakhstan on 9 June 2017. They had been observers since 2005. SCO now covers nearly 40% of world's population and 30% of world GDP.
The permanent secretariat of SCO is located in which city?
Correct Answer: B. Beijing
The SCO Secretariat is located in Beijing, China. The Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) of SCO is located in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. SCO's primary working languages are Chinese and Russian.
QUAD (Quadrilateral Security Dialogue) consists of which four countries?
Correct Answer: B. USA, Japan, Australia, India
The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD) consists of the USA, Japan, Australia, and India. It was informally established in 2007 by PM Shinzo Abe but lapsed after Australia withdrew in 2008. QUAD was revived in 2017 at the officials level and elevated to Leaders' Summit level in 2021.
The QUAD was first proposed by which Japanese Prime Minister?
Correct Answer: C. Shinzo Abe
The QUAD was first proposed by Japanese PM Shinzo Abe in 2007 as the 'Quadrilateral Security Dialogue' or 'Quadrilateral Initiative.' It aimed to connect the democracies of the Indo-Pacific. Australia's withdrawal in 2008 under PM Kevin Rudd effectively lapsed the forum until its 2017 revival.
The first QUAD Leaders' Summit was held in which year?
Correct Answer: C. 2021
The first QUAD Leaders' Summit was held virtually on 12 March 2021, hosted by US President Joe Biden. It was the first meeting of the four leaders — Biden, Modi, Morrison, Suga. A key initiative from this summit was the QUAD Vaccine Initiative to counter China's vaccine diplomacy.
QUAD's key strategic focus is on ensuring a Free and Open what?
Correct Answer: D. Indo-Pacific
QUAD's key strategic focus is on ensuring a 'Free and Open Indo-Pacific' (FOIP). This concept challenges China's assertiveness in the South China Sea and Indian Ocean. QUAD emphasizes freedom of navigation, overflight, and respect for international law including UNCLOS.
India first joined the G20 as a member in which year (when G20 was established)?
Correct Answer: B. 1999
India was a founding member of the G20 when it was established in 1999. India is one of the major economies in G20, representing the world's 5th largest economy (by nominal GDP). India also hosts the Global South perspectives within G20 forums.