Ancient & Medieval — Set 1

Correct Answer: D. Hippocrates

Hippocrates is called the Father of Medicine for establishing it as a distinct profession. He is credited with the Hippocratic Oath which sets ethical standards for physicians. His teachings moved medical understanding away from superstition toward observation.

Correct Answer: D. Herodotus

Herodotus is known as the Father of History for his systematic collection of materials. He was the first to conduct a structured inquiry into historical events. His famous work 'The Histories' covers the origins of the Greco-Persian Wars.

Correct Answer: B. Euclid

Euclid is called the Father of Geometry due to his influential work titled 'Elements'. This treatise established the foundations of what is now known as Euclidean geometry. It remained the main textbook for teaching mathematics until the early 19th century.

Correct Answer: B. Ibn al-Haytham

Ibn al-Haytham, also known as Alhazen, is recognized for his significant contributions to the principles of optics. He correctly explained that vision occurs when light reflects from an object to the eye. His 'Book of Optics' heavily influenced scientific thought in both the Islamic world and Europe.

Correct Answer: B. Hipparchus

Hipparchus is credited with compiling the first known table of chords, a precursor to modern trigonometric tables. He developed these mathematical tools to solve problems in astronomy. His work allowed for the accurate calculation of planetary positions.

Correct Answer: D. Eratosthenes

Eratosthenes is known as the Father of Geography for coining the term and calculating the Earth's circumference. He created one of the earliest maps of the known world based on scientific principles. He also developed a system of latitude and longitude.

Correct Answer: B. Herophilus

Herophilus was the first scientist to systematically perform dissections of human cadavers. He identified the nervous system and distinguished between sensory and motor nerves. His work in Alexandria laid the foundation for the scientific study of the human body.

Correct Answer: D. Al-Khwarizmi

Al-Khwarizmi wrote 'The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing', which introduced systematic algebraic methods. The very word 'algebra' is derived from a term in the title of his book. He is also responsible for introducing Hindu-Arabic numerals to the West.

Correct Answer: B. Aristotle

Aristotle is called the Father of Zoology for his detailed observations and categorization of living creatures. He grouped animals based on shared characteristics like habitat and reproductive methods. His biological works remained authoritative for nearly two thousand years.

Correct Answer: D. Aristotle

Aristotle is considered the Father of Political Science for his empirical study of various city-state constitutions. In his work 'Politics', he analyzed the structures of different types of governments. He famously defined man as a 'political animal'.