Ancient & Medieval — Set 3

Correct Answer: A. Aristophanes

Aristophanes is called the Father of Comedy for his satirical plays that critiqued Athenian society. He used humor to address serious political and social issues of his time. His works are the only examples of the 'Old Comedy' genre that have survived.

Correct Answer: B. Aeschylus

Aeschylus is called the Father of Tragedy because he introduced the second actor, allowing for dialogue between characters. This innovation transformed Greek drama from simple recitations into complex plays. He wrote over 90 plays, of which seven have survived.

Correct Answer: C. Aristotle

Aristotle is the Father of Logic for developing the system of formal reasoning known as syllogism. His work 'Organon' established the rules for logical deduction and valid arguments. This framework dominated logical study until the development of symbolic logic.

Correct Answer: C. Thomas Sydenham

Thomas Sydenham is often called the English Hippocrates or the Father of Modern Medicine. He emphasized the importance of observing patients' symptoms rather than relying on ancient theories. He made significant contributions to the understanding of diseases like scarlet fever.

Correct Answer: C. Auguste Comte

Auguste Comte coined the term 'sociology' and established the field as a positive science. He believed that society could be studied using the same scientific methods as the natural sciences. His philosophy of Positivism aimed to improve social order through scientific knowledge.

Correct Answer: A. Charles Babbage

Charles Babbage designed the Difference Engine and the Analytical Engine in the 19th century. These designs included the essential components of modern computers like memory and a processor. He is recognized for conceptualizing the first programmable mechanical computer.

Correct Answer: B. Gregor Mendel

Gregor Mendel discovered the laws of inheritance through his systematic experiments with hybridizing peas. He identified how traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete units now called genes. His work forms the basis of all modern genetic research.

Correct Answer: C. Adam Smith

Adam Smith is the Father of Economics for laying the foundations of classical free-market economic theory. He introduced the concept of the 'invisible hand' which guides the market through self-interest. His ideas revolutionized how countries understood trade and production.

Correct Answer: D. Ibn Battuta

Ibn Battuta is known as the Prince of Travelers for his extensive journeys across the Islamic world and beyond. Over thirty years, he visited most of Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Asia. His travelogue 'Rihla' provides invaluable historical and cultural insights.

Correct Answer: D. Herophilus

Herophilus was an ancient Greek physician who was the first to base his medical conclusions on human dissection. He worked in Alexandria and discovered several anatomical structures for the first time. His findings were foundational for the field of human biology.