Ancient & Medieval — Set 2
Inventions · प्राचीन और मध्यकालीन · Questions 11–20 of 50
Who is commonly recognized as the 'Father of Biology'?
Correct Answer: B. Aristotle
Aristotle is titled the Father of Biology because he was the first to use observation to study living things. He documented hundreds of species and studied their anatomy and behavior. His logical approach formed the basis of the scientific method in life sciences.
Which ancient Indian scholar is known as the 'Father of Surgery'?
Correct Answer: D. Sushruta
Sushruta is the author of the 'Sushruta Samhita', an ancient text describing complex surgical procedures. He is particularly famous for his early techniques in plastic surgery and rhinoplasty. His work includes descriptions of over 120 surgical instruments.
Who is known as the 'Father of Botany' for his study of plants?
Correct Answer: A. Theophrastus
Theophrastus was a student of Aristotle who wrote 'Enquiry into Plants' and 'On the Causes of Plants'. He classified over 500 plants and studied their structure, reproduction, and growth. His classification system was the first major attempt to organize the plant kingdom.
Which figure is often called the 'Father of Modern Astronomy'?
Correct Answer: A. Nicolaus Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus formulated the heliocentric model, placing the Sun at the center of the universe. This shifted the standard view away from the Earth-centered Ptolemaic system. His work 'De revolutionibus orbium coelestium' triggered the Copernican Revolution.
Who is regarded as the 'Father of Scientific History' for his objective approach?
Correct Answer: D. Thucydides
Thucydides wrote the 'History of the Peloponnesian War' with a focus on strict standards of evidence. He excluded divine intervention and focused on political and human motivations. His work is still studied in military academies for its analytical depth.
Which ancient scholar is titled the 'Father of Philosophy'?
Correct Answer: A. Thales
Thales of Miletus is traditionally called the Father of Philosophy as the first thinker to seek natural explanations for phenomena. He moved beyond mythology to use reason and observation. He is also considered the first scientist in the Western tradition.
Who is known as the 'Father of Numbers'?
Correct Answer: C. Pythagoras
Pythagoras is called the Father of Numbers for his belief that the universe is governed by mathematical relationships. He founded a school that explored the mystical and scientific properties of numbers. His famous theorem remains a fundamental part of geometry.
Which medieval scientist is often called the 'Father of Chemistry'?
Correct Answer: C. Jabir ibn Hayyan
Jabir ibn Hayyan, known as Geber, introduced systematic experimentation and lab techniques in alchemy. He discovered many chemical substances and processes like distillation and crystallization. His work laid the groundwork for modern chemistry.
Which ancient figure is called the 'Father of Western Philosophy'?
Correct Answer: A. Socrates
Socrates is the Father of Western Philosophy due to his method of dialectical inquiry known as the Socratic Method. He shifted philosophy's focus from the cosmos to human ethics and virtue. His life and trial remain central themes in philosophical study.
Who is known as the 'Father of Jurisprudence' in legal history?
Correct Answer: A. Jeremy Bentham
Jeremy Bentham is often called the Father of Jurisprudence for his work on legal reform and utilitarianism. He sought to create a scientific basis for law and legislation. His ideas influenced the development of modern legal systems.