Four Labour Codes 2020 — Set 10
Labour Laws · चार श्रम संहिताएं 2020 · Questions 91–100 of 200
What is the provision for overtime wage under the OSHWC Code?
Correct Answer: B. Double the ordinary wage rate
The Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code 2020 requires that overtime work be compensated at double the ordinary rate of wages, consistent with earlier laws. Workers can be required to work a maximum of 2 hours of overtime per day, subject to the 12-hour daily limit. The overtime provision protects workers from excessive working hours while compensating them adequately.
The Industrial Relations Code defines 'industry' to include which type of establishment?
Correct Answer: B. Any systematic activity carried on with the cooperation of employer and workers for production
The Industrial Relations Code 2020 defines 'industry' broadly to mean any systematic activity carried on by cooperation between an employer and workers for the production, supply, or distribution of goods or services with a view to satisfy human wants. This broad definition is similar to the one interpreted by the Supreme Court in the Bangalore Water Supply case. It covers a wide range of establishments beyond just manufacturing.
Under the Code on Social Security, which Act covering maternity benefits is consolidated?
Correct Answer: B. Maternity Benefit Act 1961
The Maternity Benefit Act 1961 is one of the nine laws consolidated under the Code on Social Security 2020. The code retains the key provision of 26 weeks of paid maternity leave for women with fewer than two surviving children (12 weeks for those with two or more children). The code also retains provisions for creche facilities in establishments employing 50 or more workers.
Which Labour Code would govern the conditions of employment for workers in a coal mine?
Correct Answer: D. Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code
Workers in coal mines would be primarily governed by the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code 2020, which consolidated the Mines Act 1952. The OSHWC Code provides specific provisions for mine workers covering safety standards, working hours, health measures, and welfare facilities. Other codes like the Code on Wages and Code on Social Security also apply for wages and social security purposes.
The four Labour Codes 2020 are considered the most comprehensive reform since which year?
Correct Answer: A. Independence (1947)
The four Labour Codes 2019-2020 are widely considered the most comprehensive reform of India's labour regulatory framework since Independence in 1947. India had accumulated over 44 central labour laws (and hundreds of state laws) over decades, creating a complex compliance environment. The consolidation into four codes was seen as a historic simplification of the labour law framework.
Under the Code on Social Security, who is responsible for social security contributions for gig workers?
Correct Answer: C. The aggregator platform (and the worker in some cases)
Under the Code on Social Security 2020, aggregator companies (platforms) are required to contribute between 1% and 2% of their annual turnover to the social security fund for gig and platform workers. Workers may also be required to make contributions. The central and state governments may also contribute to the fund. This shared contribution model ensures that platforms bear responsibility for the welfare of workers they engage.
Which earlier law relating to wages was replaced by the Code on Wages?
Correct Answer: B. Payment of Wages Act 1936
The Payment of Wages Act 1936 is one of the four laws replaced by the Code on Wages 2019. This act had governed the mode, time, and conditions of payment of wages to workers in factories, railways, and other establishments. The Code on Wages modernises these provisions and extends their application universally to all workers.
What is the wage period for fortnightly workers under the Code on Wages payment timeline?
Correct Answer: C. 14 days
The Code on Wages prescribes that wages for fortnightly workers must be paid within 14 days of the wage period ending. This creates a clear payment schedule: daily workers must be paid within 1 day, weekly within 7 days, fortnightly within 14 days, and monthly within 30 days. The standardisation of payment timelines prevents delays in wage payment that workers, especially daily and weekly labourers, depend on.
Under the OSHWC Code, which type of establishment is exempt from coverage?
Correct Answer: C. Establishments with fewer than 20 workers (with power) or 40 workers (without power)
The OSHWC Code 2020 applies to factories using power and employing 20 or more workers, and to factories not using power with 40 or more workers. Smaller establishments below these thresholds are not covered by the factory provisions of the code. However, specific industries like mines are covered regardless of worker numbers, and other establishments have their own thresholds.
Which of the four Labour Codes most directly impacts gig economy workers?
Correct Answer: C. Code on Social Security
The Code on Social Security 2020 most directly impacts gig economy workers by formally recognising gig workers and platform workers as categories deserving social security. The code mandates contributions by aggregator platforms to a social security fund for these workers. This was a landmark recognition of the gig economy in Indian labour law, given the rapid growth of platform-based work in sectors like transportation, food delivery, and freelancing.