Four Labour Codes 2020 — Set 14
Labour Laws · चार श्रम संहिताएं 2020 · Questions 131–140 of 200
Under the Industrial Relations Code, which new body is to be set up at the national level for conciliation in industrial disputes?
Correct Answer: B. National Industrial Tribunal
The Industrial Relations Code 2020 retains the National Industrial Tribunal as the apex adjudicatory body for industrial disputes of national importance or involving establishments in more than one state. The code provides for a more structured three-tier dispute resolution mechanism comprising conciliation, Labour Courts, and Industrial Tribunals/National Industrial Tribunal. This streamlines the resolution of complex multi-state disputes.
The Working Journalist and Other Newspaper Employees (Conditions of Service) Act 1955 is consolidated under which Labour Code?
Correct Answer: B. Industrial Relations Code
The Working Journalist and Other Newspaper Employees (Conditions of Service) and Miscellaneous Provisions Act 1955 is covered under the Industrial Relations Code 2020. This act had governed service conditions, including wage boards, for journalists and other newspaper employees. The Industrial Relations Code now covers these workers under its umbrella framework for industrial relations and dispute resolution.
What is the significance of 'ease of doing business' in the context of the four Labour Codes?
Correct Answer: B. It means reducing compliance procedures while maintaining essential protections
In the context of the four Labour Codes, 'ease of doing business' refers to reducing the multiplicity of compliance requirements — such as multiple registrations, inspections, and return filings under 29 different laws — while retaining essential worker protections. Businesses previously needed to comply with different definitions, thresholds, and procedures under each of the 29 laws. The codes unify these into simpler frameworks, potentially reducing compliance costs without eliminating worker rights.
What is the minimum number of days a worker must work in a year to be eligible for bonus under the Code on Wages?
Correct Answer: C. 30 days
Under the Code on Wages (incorporating Payment of Bonus Act provisions), a worker must have worked for at least 30 working days in an accounting year to be eligible for bonus. Workers who have not completed this minimum are not entitled to bonus for that year. The bonus is calculated on wages earned during the accounting year, subject to the 8.33% minimum and 20% maximum.
Under the Code on Social Security, which new provision allows migrant workers to register themselves?
Correct Answer: B. Self-registration on a government portal
The Code on Social Security 2020 and the OSHWC Code 2020 allow inter-state migrant workers to register themselves on a government portal through self-declaration. This is a significant departure from the Inter-State Migrant Workmen Act 1979, which relied on contractor registration. Self-registration enables migrant workers to access social security benefits and portability of welfare schemes across states.
The Industrial Relations Code 2020 was passed by Parliament in which month?
Correct Answer: C. September 2020
The Industrial Relations Code 2020 was passed by the Indian Parliament in September 2020, along with the Code on Social Security and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, during the monsoon session. All three codes were passed amid controversy, with opposition parties and trade unions protesting against what they termed as anti-labour provisions. The Code on Wages had been passed earlier in August 2019.
Under the OSHWC Code, a 'factory' using power must employ at least how many workers to be covered?
Correct Answer: B. 20
A factory using power is covered under the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code 2020 if it employs 20 or more workers. A factory not using power must employ 40 or more workers to be covered. These thresholds are consistent with the earlier Factories Act 1948. Once covered, the establishment must comply with all safety, health, and working conditions provisions of the code.
Under the Code on Social Security, the National Social Security Board is responsible for recommending social security schemes for which category?
Correct Answer: B. Unorganised sector workers
The National Social Security Board under the Code on Social Security 2020 is responsible for recommending welfare schemes for unorganised workers, including matters relating to life insurance, disability insurance, health, maternity, and old-age protection. State-level Social Security Boards are constituted to implement schemes at the state level. The board's recommendations are presented to the central government for policy decisions.
What type of employment does the Industrial Relations Code allow for all industries?
Correct Answer: C. Fixed-term employment
The Industrial Relations Code 2020 universalised fixed-term employment across all industries, having earlier been restricted to the apparel and footwear sector. Fixed-term employment allows employers to hire workers for a specified period, with the assurance that fixed-term workers receive all statutory benefits proportionate to their tenure. The universalisation of this provision was one of the major reforms in the Industrial Relations Code.
Under the OSHWC Code, what is the mandatory provision for workers displaced due to technological change?
Correct Answer: B. Re-skilling support through the Re-skilling Fund
The OSHWC Code 2020 along with the Industrial Relations Code provides for re-skilling support through the Re-skilling Fund for workers displaced due to retrenchment, which may include technological change. The Industrial Relations Code mandates employer contributions to this fund at the rate of 15 days' wages per retrenched worker. The re-skilling initiative reflects the codes' attempt to balance employer flexibility with worker support during transitions.