Four Labour Codes 2020 — Set 11
Labour Laws · चार श्रम संहिताएं 2020 · Questions 101–110 of 200
The minimum number of workers required in a trade union to register it under the Industrial Relations Code is:
Correct Answer: B. 7
Under the Industrial Relations Code 2020 (which consolidated the Trade Unions Act 1926), a minimum of 7 members is required to register a trade union. However, at least 10% of the workers in the establishment or 100 workers (whichever is less) must be members for the union to be registered. This threshold is meant to ensure that registered unions have genuine worker representation.
Under the Code on Wages, who can be an Inspector-cum-Facilitator?
Correct Answer: B. Government-appointed officers authorised by the appropriate government
Inspector-cum-Facilitators under the Code on Wages are officers appointed by the appropriate government (central or state) to inspect establishments for compliance and to facilitate understanding of legal requirements. This combined role replaced the traditional inspector who was solely an enforcement officer. The Inspector-cum-Facilitator is expected to guide employers about their obligations before initiating punitive action for minor infractions.
The Industrial Relations Code 2020 applies to which of the following establishments for standing order requirements?
Correct Answer: C. Establishments with 300+ workers
Standing orders under the Industrial Relations Code 2020 are mandatory for establishments employing 300 or more workers. This is a significant change from the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act 1946, which required standing orders for establishments with 100 or more workers. The higher threshold reduces the compliance requirement for medium-sized businesses but was criticised for reducing protections for workers in these firms.
Which Labour Code provisions govern occupational diseases?
Correct Answer: D. Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code
Provisions related to occupational diseases are covered under the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code 2020. The OSHWC Code includes a schedule of occupational diseases that are notifiable, and employers of workers suffering from these diseases are liable to report them to the relevant authority. Compensation for occupational diseases is also covered under the Code on Social Security (through the Employee's Compensation Act provisions).
What was the purpose of the First National Labour Commission established in 1966?
Correct Answer: B. To study conditions of labour and recommend improvements in existing laws
The First National Labour Commission was established in 1966 under Justice P.B. Gajendragadkar to study the conditions of labour in India and recommend improvements in existing laws. It submitted its report in 1969. The Second National Labour Commission (2002) specifically recommended the consolidation approach that led to the four Labour Codes of 2019-2020.
Which industry was the first to have fixed-term employment before the Industrial Relations Code universalised it?
Correct Answer: C. Garment/apparel sector
Fixed-term employment was first introduced for the garment (apparel) and footwear sector in 2018 through an amendment to the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act 1946. The Industrial Relations Code 2020 subsequently universalised fixed-term employment across all industries. This means employers in any sector can now hire workers on a fixed-term basis with proportionate statutory benefits.
Under the Code on Social Security, gratuity for fixed-term workers is payable after completing a minimum of:
Correct Answer: B. 1 year of service
The Code on Social Security 2020 provides that fixed-term employees who have completed at least one year of service are eligible for gratuity proportionate to their period of employment. This contrasts with permanent employees who require a minimum of 5 years of continuous service. This provision ensures that fixed-term workers engaged for shorter periods are not denied gratuity.
The four Labour Codes together replace how many central labour laws?
Correct Answer: C. 29
The four Labour Codes collectively replace 29 central labour laws. These 29 laws had accumulated over decades since Independence, creating a complex web of compliance requirements with differing definitions, thresholds, and penalties. The consolidation into four codes was intended to simplify the regulatory environment while maintaining worker protections.
Under the Code on Social Security, which regulatory body administers health insurance for workers?
Correct Answer: B. ESIC
The Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) administers health insurance and related social security benefits for workers under the Code on Social Security 2020. ESIC provides medical care, cash benefits during sickness, maternity benefits, and compensation for employment injury. The Code on Social Security retains ESIC's role while expanding its coverage by reducing the employee threshold from 20 to 10.
Under the OSHWC Code, which specific type of leave do workers earn at 1 day per 20 days worked?
Correct Answer: C. Annual/earned leave
Workers in factories under the OSHWC Code 2020 earn annual leave (also called earned leave or privilege leave) at the rate of 1 day for every 20 days of work. This is consistent with the earlier Factories Act 1948 provision. Unused earned leave can be carried forward up to a specified limit, and workers are entitled to encashment of leave upon leaving employment.