Four Labour Codes 2020 — Set 13
Labour Laws · चार श्रम संहिताएं 2020 · Questions 121–130 of 200
Under the Industrial Relations Code, which body hears disputes relating to dismissal of individual workers?
Correct Answer: B. Labour Court
Under the Industrial Relations Code 2020, Labour Courts are empowered to hear and adjudicate disputes relating to dismissal of individual workers. This is a continuation of the Industrial Disputes Act framework where Labour Courts handled individual dismissal disputes. Industrial Tribunals deal with disputes of broader nature such as wages, conditions of service, and matters affecting a large number of workers.
Under the OSHWC Code, what protection is provided for women working night shifts?
Correct Answer: B. Employers must provide consent, transport, and safety measures
The OSHWC Code 2020 allows women workers to be employed during night hours (generally 7 PM to 6 AM) subject to their consent and with appropriate safety measures such as adequate lighting, transport, and security. This is a progressive change from earlier laws in some states that prohibited women from working at night. The consent provision ensures that women are not coerced into night work.
What is the significance of the Code on Social Security 2020 in terms of gig economy?
Correct Answer: B. It brings gig workers into the social security ambit for the first time
The Code on Social Security 2020 is historically significant because it brings gig workers and platform workers within the social security framework for the first time in India. By defining these categories and mandating contributions by aggregator platforms, the code begins to address the social protection deficit of an estimated 7-8 million gig workers in India. It is seen as a step towards ensuring that economic changes in the nature of work are matched by corresponding protections.
The Beedi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act 1966 is consolidated under which Labour Code?
Correct Answer: D. Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code
The Beedi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act 1966 is one of the 13 laws consolidated under the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code 2020. This act had governed working conditions for workers in the beedi and cigar industry, which employs a large number of home-based and factory workers. The OSHWC Code now covers these workers under its unified framework.
Which organisation was tasked with implementing the recommendation of the Second National Labour Commission?
Correct Answer: B. Ministry of Labour and Employment
The Ministry of Labour and Employment was responsible for implementing the Second National Labour Commission's (2002) recommendation to consolidate labour laws. The ministry undertook extensive consultation with employers, trade unions, and states over more than 15 years before finalising the four Labour Codes. The codes were eventually passed between 2019 and 2020 under the NDA government.
The Sales Promotion Employees (Conditions of Service) Act 1976 is covered under which Labour Code?
Correct Answer: B. Industrial Relations Code
The Sales Promotion Employees (Conditions of Service) Act 1976 is covered under the Industrial Relations Code 2020. This act had regulated employment conditions of sales promotion employees in pharmaceutical and other industries. Its inclusion in the Industrial Relations Code extends the dispute resolution, standing orders, and trade union framework to this category of workers.
Which of the following best describes 'platform workers' under the Code on Social Security?
Correct Answer: B. Workers who use digital platforms to access work through aggregators
Under the Code on Social Security 2020, platform workers are defined as persons who access work or work-related services through an online or digital platform, or who sell goods or services on such platforms. This includes workers on food delivery apps, cab aggregators, e-commerce platforms, and freelancing websites. The code is the first Indian law to formally recognise platform workers as a distinct category.
The Code on Wages 2019 applies to which type of employer in addition to private employers?
Correct Answer: C. All employers including the Central Government
The Code on Wages 2019 applies to all employers, including the Central Government, state governments, and private sector employers. This universal application ensures that even government employees benefit from minimum wage protection and equal remuneration provisions. The code extends to all employees regardless of industry or wage threshold, making it one of the broadest labour laws in India.
Under the OSHWC Code, the working hours in a mine are restricted to how many hours per day?
Correct Answer: B. 10 hours
The OSHWC Code 2020 restricts working hours in mines to a maximum of 10 hours per day, including overtime. This is consistent with earlier provisions under the Mines Act 1952. The code mandates rest intervals and rest days for miners, given the physically demanding and hazardous nature of mining work. Weekly working hours in mines are also subject to limits under the code.
Which of the following labour laws was NOT among the 29 laws consolidated into the four Labour Codes?
Correct Answer: C. Apprentices Act 1961
The Apprentices Act 1961 was NOT consolidated into the four Labour Codes, making it one of the central labour laws that remains separately in force. The 29 laws that were consolidated include the Minimum Wages Act, Factories Act, Trade Unions Act, and other laws. The Apprentices Act continues to be separately administered. This has been noted as a gap in the consolidation exercise.