Early Nationalism & INC Formation — Set 2
National Movement · प्रारंभिक राष्ट्रवाद और INC · Questions 11–20 of 160
Surat Split of 1907 divided INC into?
Correct Answer: B. Moderates and Extremists
The Surat Split of 1907 divided the Indian National Congress into Moderates (Naramdalites) led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Extremists (Garamdalites) led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak. The split occurred over the issue of presidentship and the agenda for the Surat session. The Moderates favored constitutional methods while Extremists advocated boycott, Swadeshi, and mass agitation. The split weakened the nationalist movement.
In which year was the Indian National Congress founded?
Correct Answer: A. A. 1885
The Indian National Congress (INC) was founded on December 28, 1885 in Bombay (Mumbai). It was the first modern nationalist organization in India. The founding session was presided over by Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee. Allan Octavian Hume, a retired British civil servant, is credited with organizing the first session.
Who is considered the founder of the Indian National Congress?
Correct Answer: A. A. A.O. Hume
Allan Octavian Hume, a retired British Indian Civil Service officer, is credited with founding the Indian National Congress in 1885. He organized the first session in Bombay with the support of Viceroy Lord Dufferin. Hume served as the general secretary of the INC for many years. He believed a safety valve organization was needed to channel Indian political aspirations.
Where was the first session of the Indian National Congress held?
Correct Answer: A. A. Bombay
The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in Bombay (now Mumbai) on December 28-30, 1885. It was originally planned to be held in Pune but shifted to Bombay due to a plague outbreak in Pune. The venue was the Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay. 72 delegates attended the first session from various parts of India.
Who presided over the first session of the Indian National Congress in 1885?
Correct Answer: A. A. Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee
Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee (W.C. Bonnerjee) presided over the first session of the Indian National Congress in 1885. He was a Bengali lawyer who became the first president of the INC. He was known for his moderate approach and faith in constitutional methods. He later settled in England where he passed away in 1906.
Who was known as the 'Grand Old Man of India'?
Correct Answer: A. A. Dadabhai Naoroji
Dadabhai Naoroji was known as the 'Grand Old Man of India.' He was a Parsi intellectual, educator, and politician who became the first Asian MP in the British Parliament in 1892. He put forward the 'Drain of Wealth' theory showing how British colonial policies extracted wealth from India. He was a towering figure of the early nationalist movement.
What was the 'Drain of Wealth' theory propounded by Dadabhai Naoroji?
Correct Answer: A. A. British colonial policies drained India's wealth to Britain
Dadabhai Naoroji's 'Drain of Wealth' theory argued that British colonial policies systematically transferred India's wealth to Britain. He calculated this drain in his famous work 'Poverty and Un-British Rule in India' (1901). The drain included profits from trade, salaries of British officials, and interest payments on debt. This theory became a powerful critique of British imperialism.
Who was the first Indian to be elected to the British House of Commons?
Correct Answer: A. A. Dadabhai Naoroji
Dadabhai Naoroji became the first Asian to be elected to the British Parliament when he won the Finsbury Central constituency as a Liberal Party candidate in 1892. He served as an MP until 1895. He used his position to advocate for Indian rights and expose the exploitative nature of British rule. His election was a landmark achievement for Indian political representation.
What was the Ilbert Bill controversy of 1883?
Correct Answer: A. A. Indian judges could try European accused
The Ilbert Bill of 1883, introduced by Viceroy Ripon's Law Member C.P. Ilbert, proposed that Indian judges could try European accused persons in criminal cases. European settlers in India violently opposed the bill, and the government backed down. The capitulation to European racism angered Indian nationalists. The controversy actually helped stimulate Indian political consciousness and contributed to the founding of the INC.
Who founded the Indian Association in 1876 to promote nationalism?
Correct Answer: A. A. Surendranath Banerjee
Surendranath Banerjee founded the Indian Association in Calcutta in 1876, which was one of the first nationalist organizations in India. The Association aimed to create a strong public opinion on political questions. It was active in opposing measures like the reduction of the age limit for the Indian Civil Service examination. Banerjee was known as 'Rashtraguru' for his contributions to Indian nationalism.