Early Nationalism & INC Formation — Set 9

Correct Answer: A. A. Child marriage and caste system

The correct answer is A. Child marriage and caste system. Keshab Chandra Sen worked extensively to abolish child marriage and fight against the rigid caste system, promoting the status of women and social equality. This topic is frequently tested in competitive examinations such as RRB NTPC, SSC, and UPSC.

Correct Answer: A. A. Child marriage and caste system

The correct answer is A. Child marriage and caste system. Keshab Chandra Sen worked extensively to abolish child marriage and fight against the rigid caste system, promoting the status of women and social equality. This topic is frequently tested in competitive examinations such as RRB NTPC, SSC, and UPSC.

Correct Answer: D. D. Child marriage and caste system

The correct answer is D. Child marriage and caste system. Keshab Chandra Sen worked extensively to abolish child marriage and fight against the rigid caste system, promoting the status of women and social equality. This topic is frequently tested in competitive examinations such as RRB NTPC, SSC, and UPSC.

Correct Answer: A. A. He inspired pride in Indian culture and spirituality that energized nationalism

Swami Vivekananda, though not directly political, made an enormous contribution to Indian nationalism by inspiring pride in Hindu spirituality and Indian culture through his speeches at the World Parliament of Religions in Chicago (1893) and his tours of India. His message of universal Vedanta and confidence in Indian civilization energized the nationalist movement. Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose considered Vivekananda his spiritual guru. His emphasis on India's spiritual greatness countered colonial ideology.

Correct Answer: A. A. He systematically exposed the economic flaws of British colonial administration

Gopal Krishna Gokhale's budget speeches in the Imperial Legislative Council systematically exposed the economic flaws of British colonial administration. He documented how colonial policies impoverished India through excessive military expenditure and drain of wealth. His analytical critiques were so thorough that he was called 'the greatest parliamentarian of his time.' His work complemented Dadabhai Naoroji's theoretical work with practical legislative analysis.

Correct Answer: A. A. Lala Har Dayal

Lala Har Dayal founded the Gadar Party in San Francisco, USA in 1913 to organize Indian immigrants, especially Sikhs, to fight for Indian independence. 'Gadar' means revolution in Punjabi. The party published newspapers calling for armed revolt against British rule. During World War I, the Gadar Party attempted to organize an armed uprising in Punjab in 1915 but the plan was betrayed and failed.

Correct Answer: A. A. Self-governance within the British Empire similar to colonies like Canada

The 'Home Rule' demanded by Tilak and Annie Besant in 1916 referred to self-governance for India within the British Empire, similar to the autonomy enjoyed by the white-dominated dominions like Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. It stopped short of demanding complete independence. Their Home Rule Leagues mobilized a large section of Indian society during World War I. The movement influenced the British to announce the August Declaration of 1917.

Correct Answer: A. A. Concern about Hindu majority domination after self-rule

The All India Muslim League was founded in Dhaka in 1906, partly in response to concerns among Muslim elites that self-rule would lead to Hindu majority domination. The Simla Deputation of 1906 had already articulated these fears. The partition of Bengal had created a Muslim-majority province that some Muslim leaders wanted preserved. The League's founding represented the formalization of separate Muslim political identity.

Correct Answer: A. A. He transformed it from elite organization to mass movement

Mahatma Gandhi transformed the Indian National Congress from an elite organization dominated by lawyers and educated professionals into a mass movement involving peasants, workers, and ordinary Indians. He introduced the technique of satyagraha (non-violent civil disobedience). He made the INC more inclusive by addressing issues like peasant rights, untouchability, and Hindu-Muslim unity. His leadership transformed Indian nationalism into a genuine people's movement.

Correct Answer: A. A. Gopal Hari Deshmukh

Gopal Hari Deshmukh was known as 'Lokhitwadi' (Servant of the People). He was a Maharashtra social reformer of the 19th century who wrote extensively in Marathi on social reform, women's rights, and against caste discrimination. He was a forerunner of the nationalist movement in Maharashtra. His writings influenced later reformers including Gokhale and Tilak.