INC Sessions & Presidents — Set 4

Correct Answer: B. A young revolutionary who advocated armed resistance against British rule

Bhagat Singh was a young revolutionary freedom fighter who believed in armed resistance against British colonial rule. Born in 1907 in Punjab, he was deeply influenced by socialist ideology and dedicated his life to India's freedom. He was a member of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA). At the age of 23, he was hanged by the British on March 23, 1931, along with Rajguru and Sukhdev.

Correct Answer: B. To make the deaf hear — a symbolic act of protest

On April 8, 1929, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw smoke bombs (not intended to kill) in the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi and shouted 'Inquilab Zindabad'. The act was deliberately symbolic — the bombs were thrown in empty areas to ensure no one was hurt. Bhagat Singh later explained: 'It takes a loud voice to make the deaf hear.' They deliberately surrendered to the police to use the trial as a platform to spread revolutionary ideas.

Correct Answer: C. J.P. Saunders

To avenge the death of Lala Lajpat Rai, Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Chandrashekhar Azad killed J.P. Saunders, an Assistant Superintendent of Police, on December 17, 1928. They had actually planned to assassinate J.A. Scott, who ordered the lathi-charge, but mistakenly killed Saunders. This incident led to intensified British search for the revolutionaries. Bhagat Singh disguised himself and escaped from Lahore after the killing.

Correct Answer: B. March 23, 1931

Bhagat Singh was hanged along with Rajguru and Sukhdev on March 23, 1931, in Lahore Central Jail. He was only 23 years old at the time of his execution. March 23 is commemorated as Shaheed Diwas (Martyrs' Day) in India. Their executions sparked widespread outrage across India and turned them into iconic symbols of courage and sacrifice for the country's independence.

Correct Answer: C. Inquilab Zindabad

Bhagat Singh popularized the slogan 'Inquilab Zindabad' (Long live the Revolution). He and Batukeshwar Dutt shouted this slogan in the Central Legislative Assembly after throwing bombs in 1929. The slogan became one of the most powerful battle cries of the Indian independence movement. It continues to be used as a rallying cry in Indian political movements to this day.

Correct Answer: B. A revolutionary who vowed never to be captured alive by the British

Chandrashekhar Azad was a legendary revolutionary freedom fighter who pledged never to be captured alive by the British. He was the commander-in-chief of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA). True to his pledge, when surrounded by British police in Allahabad's Alfred Park on February 27, 1931, he shot himself rather than surrender. The park has since been renamed Chandrashekhar Azad Park in his memory.

Correct Answer: B. Free/Independent

The name 'Azad' means 'free' or 'independent' in Urdu/Persian. Chandrashekhar adopted this surname as a symbol of his commitment to freedom and his vow never to be captured by the British. His original surname was Tiwari, but he became famous as Chandrashekhar Azad. When asked his father's name in a British court, he reportedly said 'Azadi' (Freedom), completing his symbolic identity.

Correct Answer: B. A comrade of Bhagat Singh hanged on March 23, 1931

Sukhdev Thapar was a close comrade of Bhagat Singh and a key member of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA). He was one of the main organizers of revolutionary activities in Punjab and other parts of northern India. He was arrested along with Bhagat Singh and Rajguru and all three were hanged on March 23, 1931. The trio of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev are celebrated as heroes of India's revolutionary freedom struggle.

Correct Answer: C. Sarojini Naidu

Sarojini Naidu was known as the 'Nightingale of India' for her beautiful poetry written in English. She was a gifted poet and a prominent political activist in the independence movement. She was the first Indian woman to become the President of the Indian National Congress in 1925. After independence, she became the first woman Governor of an Indian state (Uttar Pradesh).

Correct Answer: B. She participated in Salt March activities and various civil disobedience movements

Sarojini Naidu was a prominent participant in the Indian independence movement. She participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement, the Civil Disobedience Movement, and the Quit India Movement. She led the famous raid on the Dharasana Salt Works in 1930 after Gandhi's arrest. She was closely associated with Gandhi and traveled to England as part of Indian delegations during Round Table Conferences.