INC Sessions & Presidents — Set 7
National Movement · INC अधिवेशन और अध्यक्ष · Questions 61–70 of 120
What event triggered the Rowlatt Satyagraha of 1919?
Correct Answer: B. The passing of the Rowlatt Act that gave police sweeping powers without trial
The Rowlatt Act of 1919 gave the British colonial government sweeping powers to arrest and detain Indians without trial or judicial review. Gandhi called it the 'Black Act' and launched the Rowlatt Satyagraha to protest against it. The act was deeply unpopular across India and united various sections of society in opposition. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred during this period, when British troops fired on protesters gathered in Amritsar.
When was the Indian National Congress founded?
Correct Answer: C. 1885
The Indian National Congress was founded on December 28, 1885, in Bombay (now Mumbai). It was initially organized by A.O. Hume, a retired British civil servant, along with Dadabhai Naoroji and Dinshaw Wacha. The first session was attended by 72 delegates from across India. The Congress initially functioned as a moderate organization working within the British constitutional framework before evolving into the main vehicle for India's independence.
What was Sarojini Naidu's most famous poetry collection?
Correct Answer: B. The Golden Threshold
Sarojini Naidu's most famous poetry collection is 'The Golden Threshold' published in 1905. Her other notable poetry collections include 'The Bird of Time' (1912) and 'The Broken Wing' (1917). Her poetry was admired for its lyrical beauty and imagery. Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore highly praised her literary work. She wrote in English and was considered one of the finest English-language poets of her generation.
What was the significance of the Chauri Chaura incident of 1922?
Correct Answer: B. Gandhi suspended the Non-Cooperation Movement because of it
The Chauri Chaura incident occurred on February 5, 1922, in Gorakhpur district, UP, when an angry mob attacked and set fire to a police station, killing 22 policemen. Gandhi was deeply disturbed by this act of violence and unilaterally suspended the Non-Cooperation Movement. This decision was criticized by many leaders including Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose. The incident highlighted Gandhi's unwavering commitment to non-violence even at the cost of political momentum.
Where was Mahatma Gandhi's ashram in Gujarat from which he started the Dandi March?
Correct Answer: C. Sabarmati Ashram
Gandhi started the Dandi March from the Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, on March 12, 1930. The ashram, founded by Gandhi in 1917, was his base for political and social activities in India. After the Dandi March, Gandhi vowed not to return to Sabarmati until India achieved independence. The Sabarmati Ashram is now a national memorial and museum.
What was the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
Correct Answer: B. The massacre of unarmed civilians by British troops at a public garden in Amritsar in 1919
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on April 13, 1919, in Amritsar, Punjab, when British General Reginald Dyer ordered his troops to open fire on an unarmed crowd gathered for a peaceful meeting. Approximately 1,000 people were killed and over 1,500 wounded. The crowd was trapped as all exits were blocked. This tragedy shocked the nation and the world, and was a major turning point in India's independence movement.
What was BR Ambedkar's educational achievement that made him globally distinguished?
Correct Answer: B. He earned doctorates from Columbia University and London School of Economics
B.R. Ambedkar earned multiple advanced degrees from prestigious institutions. He received a PhD from Columbia University in New York (1917) and a DSc from the London School of Economics (1923). He was also called to the Bar from Gray's Inn, London. He was among the most highly educated Indians of his generation, which gave him unparalleled authority as a spokesperson for Dalit rights and as a constitutional expert.
What slogans did Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt shout in the Central Legislative Assembly in 1929?
Correct Answer: B. Inquilab Zindabad and Down with Imperialism
After throwing smoke bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly on April 8, 1929, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt shouted 'Inquilab Zindabad' (Long live the Revolution) and 'Down with Imperialism'. They then showered pamphlets and stood their ground to be arrested. Their statement to the court explained these acts as being intended to awaken the 'deaf ears' of the British administration. The event made them national heroes.
Mahatma Gandhi organized the Kheda Satyagraha of 1918 for what purpose?
Correct Answer: C. For tax relief for farmers whose crops had failed
The Kheda Satyagraha of 1918 was organized by Gandhi in the Kheda district of Gujarat. Farmers had suffered crop failures but the British government refused to waive land revenue. Gandhi organized a non-payment of taxes campaign among the farmers. Eventually, the British government agreed to suspend revenue collection for the affected year and return property seized from the farmers. It was one of Gandhi's early successful Satyagraha campaigns in India.
Where was Jawaharlal Nehru educated?
Correct Answer: B. Harrow School and Trinity College Cambridge
Jawaharlal Nehru was educated at Harrow School in England and later at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied Natural Sciences. He then studied law at Inner Temple in London and was called to the Bar. This elite British education greatly influenced his intellectual development and his vision for independent India. He returned to India in 1912 and joined the Allahabad High Court as a lawyer.