INC Sessions & Presidents — Set 8

Correct Answer: B. It was the trial of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev for the killing of Saunders

The Lahore Conspiracy Case was the trial of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev for the killing of J.P. Saunders. The trial started in 1929 and the three were convicted and sentenced to death. Bhagat Singh used the trial as a platform to spread revolutionary ideology. The execution of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev on March 23, 1931, made them martyrs and national heroes.

Correct Answer: C. She co-founded Central Hindu College in Benares, which became Banaras Hindu University

Annie Besant co-founded the Central Hindu College in Benares in 1898 along with Madan Mohan Malaviya. This institution later merged with the university established by Madan Mohan Malaviya to form Banaras Hindu University (BHU) in 1916. Besant was a passionate advocate of Indian education and culture. She believed that Indians needed to be educated about their own heritage to develop national pride and confidence.

Correct Answer: B. Resolution for complete independence from British rule

The Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence) declaration was passed at the Lahore Session of Congress on December 19, 1929. It declared complete independence from British rule as the goal of the Indian National Congress, rejecting Dominion Status. The declaration was moved by Jawaharlal Nehru who presided over the session. January 26, 1930, was chosen as Independence Day (Purna Swaraj Day), which later became Republic Day in 1950.

Correct Answer: B. He founded Punjab National Bank and promoted Swadeshi

Lala Lajpat Rai founded the Punjab National Bank in 1894, one of the first indigenous banks established to support Indian industry and commerce. He was also a strong advocate of the Swadeshi movement, which promoted Indian-made goods over British imports. His economic nationalism was part of his broader vision of Indian self-reliance and independence. He also wrote extensively on social and economic issues.

Correct Answer: C. Rabindranath Tagore

Rabindranath Tagore gave Gandhi the title 'Mahatma' (Great Soul). In return, Gandhi gave Tagore the title 'Gurudev' (Divine Teacher). Tagore and Gandhi had a relationship of deep mutual respect and admiration, though they sometimes differed on political and social issues. The title 'Mahatma' stuck and Gandhi became universally known as Mahatma Gandhi.

Correct Answer: B. It became a symbol of patriotism and galvanized the Indian independence movement

The INA trials of 1945-46, held at the Red Fort in Delhi, actually backfired on the British government. Instead of discrediting the INA soldiers, the trials made them national heroes as Indians viewed them as patriots. The defense counsels included Jawaharlal Nehru, Bhulabhai Desai, and Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru. The trials heightened nationalist sentiment and contributed to the growing feeling that British rule could not be sustained much longer.

Correct Answer: B. To train dedicated workers to serve India through social reform and public service

The Servants of India Society was founded by Gokhale in 1905 with the goal of training selfless workers dedicated to public service. Members pledged to serve the nation, promote social reform, and work for the welfare of marginalized communities, including untouchables. The society focused on education, public health, and civic rights. Gokhale believed that India's independence had to be preceded by social and moral reform.

Correct Answer: B. 1907, Banga, Punjab

Bhagat Singh was born on September 28, 1907, in Banga village, Lyallpur district (now in Pakistan Punjab). He came from a patriotic family — his father Kishan Singh and uncle Ajit Singh were also nationalists. He was deeply affected by the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919, when he was only 12 years old. This tragedy ignited his passion for Indian independence and shaped his revolutionary path.

Correct Answer: B. A ship carrying Indian immigrants denied entry into Canada, highlighting racial injustice

The Kamagata Maru incident of 1914 involved a Japanese steamship carrying 376 passengers (mostly Punjabi Sikhs) who were denied entry into Canada due to racist immigration laws. The ship was forced to return to India, and when it arrived in Calcutta, British police confronted the returning passengers, resulting in violence. Lala Lajpat Rai highlighted this incident to expose the racism of British colonial policies worldwide. The incident became a rallying point for Indian nationalists.

Correct Answer: A. Azad Hind Radio

Subhas Chandra Bose broadcast messages from Azad Hind Radio (also known as Radio Deutschland's Indian Service and later as Azad Hind Radio from Singapore). He used radio broadcasts to rally Indian troops, Indian civilians in Southeast Asia, and the people back in India. His broadcasts were heard secretly across India despite British attempts to jam them. His powerful voice and inspiring messages gave hope to millions fighting for independence.