Moderates, Extremists & Lal-Bal-Pal — Set 1

Correct Answer: C. C. Constitutional and gradual reforms

The correct answer is C. Constitutional and gradual reforms. Gokhale believed in constitutional methods and gradual reforms through petitions and negotiations, making him a moderate nationalist who opposed violent methods. This topic is frequently tested in competitive examinations such as RRB NTPC, SSC, and UPSC.

Correct Answer: C. C. Constitutional and gradual reforms

The correct answer is C. Constitutional and gradual reforms. Gokhale believed in constitutional methods and gradual reforms through petitions and negotiations, making him a moderate nationalist who opposed violent methods. This topic is frequently tested in competitive examinations such as RRB NTPC, SSC, and UPSC.

Correct Answer: C. C. Constitutional and gradual reforms

The correct answer is C. Constitutional and gradual reforms. Gokhale believed in constitutional methods and gradual reforms through petitions and negotiations, making him a moderate nationalist who opposed violent methods. This topic is frequently tested in competitive examinations such as RRB NTPC, SSC, and UPSC.

Correct Answer: B. Lajpat Rai, Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal

Lal Bal Pal refers to Lala Lajpat Rai (Lal), Bal Gangadhar Tilak (Bal), and Bipin Chandra Pal (Pal). They were the three prominent leaders of the Extremist faction of the Indian National Congress in the early 20th century. They advocated active resistance to British rule through boycott, Swadeshi, national education, and self-rule. Their combined efforts gave the freedom movement a more aggressive character.

Correct Answer: B. Constitutional methods, petitions, and appeals to British sense of justice

The Moderate leaders in the Indian National Congress believed in constitutional methods, petitions, prayers, and appeals to the sense of justice of the British Parliament. They thought political education and economic reforms should precede self-rule. Key Moderate leaders included Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Pherozeshah Mehta, and Surendranath Banerjee. The Moderates dominated INC from 1885 to 1905.

Correct Answer: B. Swadeshi Movement and boycott of foreign goods

Bipin Chandra Pal is particularly associated with the Swadeshi Movement of 1905-08 following the Partition of Bengal. He was one of the most eloquent advocates of Swadeshi, arguing for boycott of foreign goods and promotion of Indian manufactures. His radical speeches inspired many during the Swadeshi period. He was called 'Father of Revolutionary Thought' in India.

Correct Answer: B. Punjab, Punjab Kesari (Lion of Punjab)

Lala Lajpat Rai was born in Punjab and earned the title 'Punjab Kesari' (Lion of Punjab) for his fierce patriotism and lion-hearted resistance to British rule. He was also known as 'Sher-e-Punjab.' He was one of the three in the Lal-Bal-Pal trio and was deported to Burma in 1907 for revolutionary activities. His death from police lathicharge in 1928 shocked the nation.

Correct Answer: B. Swadeshi, Boycott, National Education, Self-Government

The Extremists in INC adopted a fourfold political programme: Swadeshi (use of Indian goods), Boycott (of British goods and institutions), National Education (as alternative to British system), and Swaraj (self-government). This was a more active and aggressive approach compared to the Moderates' petition-based politics. The Extremists believed India should demand rather than beg for rights.

Correct Answer: B. Writing seditious articles in Kesari newspaper

The correct answer is Writing seditious articles in Kesari newspaper. Bal Gangadhar Tilak was sentenced to six years in Mandalay prison (Burma) in 1908 for writing seditious articles in his Marathi newspaper Kesari, in which he defended the revolutionaries Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki who had thrown bombs at a British magistrate's carriage in Muzaffarpur. The harsh sentence shocked India and turned many moderate opinion against the British. This topic is frequently tested in competitive examinations such as RRB NTPC, SSC, and UPSC.

Correct Answer: B. Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Bal Gangadhar Tilak popularized the Ganesh Chaturthi festival from a private household celebration to a large public festival in 1893 in Pune. He used the festival to bring together people of all castes and communities and spread nationalist ideas through cultural events and speeches. The festival became an effective tool for mass mobilization against British rule. It is still celebrated as a major festival in Maharashtra.