Moderates, Extremists & Lal-Bal-Pal — Set 16

Correct Answer: B. M.G. Ranade

M.G. Ranade was Gopal Krishna Gokhale's political and intellectual mentor. Ranade guided Gokhale in social reform work and nationalist politics in Maharashtra. Gokhale later became Mahatma Gandhi's political mentor in South Africa. This created a chain of mentorship in the Indian nationalist tradition.

Correct Answer: B. Amritsar 1919

The Amritsar Congress session of December 1919 condemned the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. The massacre had taken place on April 13, 1919 when General Dyer ordered firing on an unarmed crowd. Motilal Nehru presided over the Amritsar session. The massacre turned many moderate nationalists into more radical opponents of British rule.

Correct Answer: B. Lala Lajpat Rai

After the reunion at Lucknow 1916, Lala Lajpat Rai eventually presided over the Calcutta Special Session in 1920. The reunion allowed extremist leaders to take prominent roles in Congress again. Tilak's death in 1920 was a major loss for the nationalist movement. Gandhi's emergence provided new leadership after Tilak's death.

Correct Answer: A. Using only Indian-made goods and boycotting British products

The Swadeshi movement was primarily about using Indian-made goods and boycotting British products. It started in Bengal in 1905 as a response to the Partition of Bengal. The movement aimed to hurt British trade and encourage Indian industry. It became an important economic weapon in the nationalist arsenal.

Correct Answer: C. Bipin Chandra Pal

Bipin Chandra Pal gave the slogan 'Be Indian, Buy Indian' during the Swadeshi movement. He was an eloquent orator who traveled across India spreading the message of Swadeshi and boycott. His speeches inspired many to give up British goods. He was one of the most effective propagandists for the extremist nationalist cause.

Correct Answer: C. 1916

Bal Gangadhar Tilak founded the Indian Home Rule League in April 1916. Annie Besant founded a separate Home Rule League in September 1916. The two leagues worked together though they were separate organizations. Their combined agitation for home rule put significant pressure on the British government.

Correct Answer: B. Methods and goals of achieving independence

The main cause of disagreement between moderates and extremists was the methods and goals of achieving independence. Moderates wanted gradual reform through petitions, constitutional means, and cooperation with the British. Extremists demanded immediate self-rule through mass agitation, boycott, and passive resistance. This fundamental difference eventually led to the Surat Split of 1907.

Correct Answer: C. Aurobindo Ghosh

Aurobindo Ghosh was associated with the founding of the Bengal National College in 1906 and served as its principal. The college was established as an alternative to British-controlled educational institutions. The concept of National Education was one of the four demands of the Calcutta Congress of 1906. The college aimed to provide education free from British control and influence.

Correct Answer: C. 1920

Bal Gangadhar Tilak died on August 1, 1920 in Bombay. He had been suffering from diabetes and died at the age of 64. His death was a great loss for the Indian nationalist movement. Mahatma Gandhi called him 'the Maker of Modern India' and 'the Father of Indian Unrest'. Gandhi then stepped forward to lead the mass non-cooperation movement.

Correct Answer: B. Surendranath Banerjee

Surendranath Banerjee was a key moderate leader from Bengal in early Congress. He founded the Indian National Association in 1876, which preceded the Congress. He was known as 'Surrendering not Surendranath' by extremists for his moderate stance. He later accepted the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms which led to his split with the Congress mainstream.