Biotechnology — Set 1
Technology · जैव प्रौद्योगिकी · Questions 1–10 of 60
Which molecular tool is commonly referred to as 'chemical scissors' in biotechnology?
Correct Answer: A. Restriction Enzymes
Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences, acting like molecular scissors. They are essential for isolating specific genes during the cloning process. These enzymes were originally discovered in bacteria as a defense against viruses.
What is the primary purpose of a 'Bioreactor' in industrial biotechnology?
Correct Answer: D. To provide optimal conditions for microbial growth
Bioreactors maintain controlled environments for the large-scale growth of microorganisms or cells. They regulate factors like temperature, pH, and oxygen to maximize product yield. Common products made in bioreactors include vaccines and organic acids.
Which term describes the use of biological agents to clean up polluted soil and water?
Correct Answer: A. Bioremediation
Bioremediation uses microorganisms or plants to break down or absorb environmental contaminants. It is an eco-friendly method for treating oil spills and heavy metal toxicity. This process relies on the natural metabolic pathways of the organisms involved.
The process of 'Biofortification' in agriculture is primarily aimed at?
Correct Answer: A. Enhancing the nutritional value of crops
Biofortification involves breeding crops to increase their content of essential vitamins and minerals. It helps combat 'hidden hunger' in populations dependent on staple foods. Golden Rice, enriched with Vitamin A, is a famous example of this technology.
Which color of biotechnology is associated with medical and health-related applications?
Correct Answer: D. Red
Red biotechnology focuses on the development of medicines, vaccines, and diagnostic tools. It includes advanced therapies like stem cell research and gene therapy. This classification system helps distinguish different sectors of the biotech industry.
What is the full form of the genome-editing tool 'CRISPR'?
Correct Answer: A. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
The correct answer is 'Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats'. CRISPR refers to specific sequences in DNA that act as a revolutionary gene-editing system. It allows scientists to modify DNA sequences and gene function with high precision. This technology was adapted from the natural defense mechanisms of bacteria.
In DNA fingerprinting, which part of the DNA is typically analyzed for identification?
Correct Answer: D. Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs)
VNTRs are non-coding DNA sequences that vary significantly in length between individuals. They provide a unique genetic pattern used for forensic and paternity testing. This technique was first developed by Sir Alec Jeffreys in 1984.
Which enzyme is used as 'molecular glue' to join two DNA fragments together?
Correct Answer: A. DNA Ligase
DNA ligase facilitates the joining of DNA strands by catalyzing the formation of a phosphodiester bond. It is a critical tool for creating recombinant DNA molecules in labs. This enzyme also plays a vital role in natural DNA replication and repair.
What is 'Bt Cotton' genetically modified to be resistant to?
Correct Answer: D. Bollworms
Bt Cotton contains genes from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis that produce insecticidal proteins. These proteins specifically target the larvae of bollworms, reducing the need for chemical pesticides. It is one of the most widely adopted transgenic crops globally.
The first human hormone produced by recombinant DNA technology was?
Correct Answer: A. Insulin
Synthetic human insulin, known as Humulin, was approved for medical use in 1982. It replaced insulin previously extracted from the pancreases of cattle and pigs. This was a landmark achievement in the field of pharmaceutical biotechnology.