Biotechnology — Set 5
Technology · जैव प्रौद्योगिकी · Questions 41–50 of 60
Who is known as the 'Father of Genetic Engineering'?
Correct Answer: C. Paul Berg
Paul Berg created the first recombinant DNA molecule in 1972. He successfully combined DNA from two different viruses into one hybrid molecule. This breakthrough laid the foundation for the entire field of modern biotechnology.
Which year was the 'Human Genome Project' officially completed?
Correct Answer: C. 2003
The correct answer is '2003'. The Human Genome Project was an international research effort to map all the genes in humans. It took 13 years to sequence the 3 billion base pairs of the human genome. This achievement has revolutionized medicine and our understanding of human biology.
In which city is the 'National Institute of Immunology' (NII) located in India?
Correct Answer: B. New Delhi
The National Institute of Immunology is a premier research institution located in New Delhi. It focuses on research related to the body's immune system and disease prevention. It operates as an autonomous institute under the Department of Biotechnology.
What was the name of the first mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult cell?
Correct Answer: A. Dolly the sheep
Dolly was cloned in 1996 by researchers at the Roslin Institute in Scotland. She was created using a technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer. Her birth proved that specialized cells could be 'reprogrammed' to create an entirely new organism.
The term 'Biotechnology' was coined by which scientist in 1919?
Correct Answer: B. Karl Ereky
Karl Ereky, a Hungarian agricultural engineer, first used the word 'biotechnology' to describe the integrated use of biology and technology. He envisioned a future where technology would be based on biological systems. He is often considered the 'Father of Biotechnology'.
Which of the following is the first genetically modified food crop to be commercially grown in India?
Correct Answer: C. Bt Cotton
Bt Cotton was approved for commercial cultivation in India in 2002. It contains a gene from a bacterium that protects it against the bollworm pest. As of now, it remains the only GM crop permitted for commercial use in the country.
The 'Department of Biotechnology' (DBT) in India falls under which Union Ministry?
Correct Answer: B. Ministry of Science and Technology
DBT was established in 1986 to promote and regulate biotechnology research and applications in India. It supports various research institutions and human resource development programs. The department has played a key role in making India a global biotech hub.
What is 'DNA Fingerprinting' used for?
Correct Answer: B. Comparing DNA patterns for identification
DNA fingerprinting identifies individuals based on unique patterns in their DNA. It is a vital tool in forensic investigations to link suspects to crime scenes. It is also used in paternity tests to establish biological relationships.
Which gas is primarily produced in a 'Biogas' plant through the action of bacteria?
Correct Answer: C. Methane
Biogas is produced by the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter by methanogenic bacteria. It consists mainly of methane (50-75%) and carbon dioxide. Biogas is a renewable energy source used for cooking and generating electricity.
What does 'GMO' stand for in biotechnology?
Correct Answer: B. Genetically Modified Organism
A GMO is an organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. This allows for the introduction of specific desired traits into plants or animals. GMOs are used in agriculture, medicine, and research.