Biotechnology — Set 5

Correct Answer: C. Paul Berg

• **Paul Berg** = Paul Berg created the first recombinant DNA molecule in 1972. • **Key significance** — He successfully combined DNA from two different viruses into one hybrid molecule. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Louis Pasteur is a different concept; B: Gregor Mendel is a different concept; D: James Watson is a different concept.

Correct Answer: C. 2003

• **2003** = The correct answer is '2003'. • **Key significance** — The Human Genome Project was an international research effort to map all the genes in humans. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: 1990 is a different concept; B: 2000 is a different concept; D: 2010 is a different concept.

Correct Answer: B. New Delhi

• **New Delhi** = The National Institute of Immunology is a premier research institution located in New Delhi. • **Key significance** — It focuses on research related to the body's immune system and disease prevention. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Mumbai is a different concept; C: Pune is a different concept; D: Kolkata is a different concept.

Correct Answer: A. Dolly the sheep

• **Dolly the sheep** = Dolly was cloned in 1996 by researchers at the Roslin Institute in Scotland. • **Key significance** — She was created using a technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: B: Laika the dog is a different concept; C: Molly the cow is a different concept; D: Copycat is a different concept.

Correct Answer: B. Karl Ereky

• **Karl Ereky** = Karl Ereky, a Hungarian agricultural engineer, first used the word 'biotechnology' to describe the integrated use of biology and technology. • **Key significance** — He envisioned a future where technology would be based on biological systems. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Alexander Fleming is a different concept; C: Robert Hooke is a different concept; D: Charles Darwin is a different concept.

Correct Answer: C. Bt Cotton

• **Bt Cotton** = Bt Cotton was approved for commercial cultivation in India in 2002. • **Key significance** — It contains a gene from a bacterium that protects it against the bollworm pest. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Golden Rice is a different concept; B: Bt Brinjal is a different concept; D: GM Mustard is a different concept.

Correct Answer: B. Ministry of Science and Technology

• **Ministry of Science and Technology** = DBT was established in 1986 to promote and regulate biotechnology research and applications in India. • **Key significance** — It supports various research institutions and human resource development programs. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Ministry of Health is a different concept; C: Ministry of Agriculture is a different concept; D: Ministry of Environment is a different concept.

Correct Answer: B. Comparing DNA patterns for identification

• **Comparing DNA patterns for identification** = DNA fingerprinting identifies individuals based on unique patterns in their DNA. • **Key significance** — It is a vital tool in forensic investigations to link suspects to crime scenes. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Measuring oxygen in blood is a different concept; C: Growing new skin is a different concept; D: Predicting weather is a different concept.

Correct Answer: C. Methane

• **Methane** = Biogas is produced by the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter by methanogenic bacteria. • **Key significance** — It consists mainly of methane (50-75%) and carbon dioxide. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Oxygen is a different concept; B: Carbon Monoxide is a different concept; D: Nitrogen is a different concept.

Correct Answer: B. Genetically Modified Organism

• **Genetically Modified Organism** = A GMO is an organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. • **Key significance** — This allows for the introduction of specific desired traits into plants or animals. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Growth Monitored Organism is a different concept; C: Generic Molecular Object is a different concept; D: Global Microbial Order is a different concept.