Biotechnology — Set 2
Technology · जैव प्रौद्योगिकी · Questions 11–20 of 60
Which technique is used to produce millions of copies of a specific DNA segment in a short time?
Correct Answer: A. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
PCR uses heat-stable DNA polymerase to exponentially amplify targeted DNA sequences. It is widely used in medical diagnostics, forensics, and genetic research. Kary Mullis was awarded the Nobel Prize for inventing this technique.
In biotechnology, 'Green Biotechnology' specifically refers to applications in which field?
Correct Answer: D. Agriculture
The correct answer is 'Agriculture'. Green biotechnology focuses on improving crop quality, pest resistance, and climate resilience in farming. It involves the creation of transgenic plants and bio-pesticides. This sector aims to ensure global food security through scientific innovation.
What is the function of a 'Vector' in genetic engineering?
Correct Answer: A. To act as a vehicle for DNA transfer
The correct answer is 'To act as a vehicle for DNA transfer'. Vectors, like plasmids or viruses, are used to carry foreign genetic material into a host cell. They must have an origin of replication to ensure the gene is copied within the host. Plasmids are the most common vectors used for cloning in bacteria.
Which organization in India provides ethical clearance for the release of genetically modified crops?
Correct Answer: D. GEAC
The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) is the apex body for regulating GM organisms in India. It functions under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. The committee assesses the environmental and health impacts of transgenic products.
Which of the following is a classic example of 'White Biotechnology'?
Correct Answer: C. Enzyme production for detergents
White biotechnology, also called industrial biotechnology, uses biological systems for manufacturing. It focuses on using enzymes and microorganisms to produce chemicals, plastics, and fuels. This approach is often more energy-efficient and less polluting than traditional methods.
The use of 'Stem Cells' to replace damaged tissues is a part of which field?
Correct Answer: A. Regenerative Medicine
Regenerative medicine aims to restore the structure and function of damaged organs using living cells. Stem cells are unique because they can differentiate into various specialized cell types. This field offers potential cures for conditions like Parkinson's and heart disease.
Which method is used to separate DNA fragments based on their size and charge?
Correct Answer: A. Gel Electrophoresis
In gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules move through a gel matrix under an electric field. Smaller fragments move faster and further toward the positive electrode. This technique is standard for verifying the results of DNA cutting or amplification.
What is 'Biopiracy' in the context of biotechnology?
Correct Answer: C. Unauthorized use of biological resources and traditional knowledge
Biopiracy occurs when traditional biological resources are patented by organizations without compensating the source community. It often involves the exploitation of indigenous knowledge regarding medicinal plants. International laws now aim to protect the rights of sovereign nations over their biodiversity.
Which term refers to the entire set of proteins expressed by a cell or organism?
Correct Answer: C. Proteome
The proteome is dynamic and changes according to the cell's environment and developmental stage. Studying the proteome helps scientists understand how genes actually manifest as functional biological traits. Proteomics is the large-scale study of these protein sets.
The 'Flavr Savr' tomato was genetically modified primarily for which trait?
Correct Answer: C. Delayed ripening
The correct answer is 'Delayed ripening'. The Flavr Savr tomato was the first genetically engineered food to be granted a license for human consumption. By inhibiting the enzyme responsible for softening, the tomato could stay on the vine longer. This modification was intended to improve both flavor and transportability.