Biotechnology — Set 6

Correct Answer: B. Hyderabad

• **Hyderabad** = CDFD is an autonomous Indian bio-services organization located in Hyderabad. • **Key significance** — It provides high-tech DNA-based diagnostic services and forensic analysis. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Bengaluru is a different concept; C: New Delhi is a different concept; D: Lucknow is a different concept.

Correct Answer: A. Southern Blotting

• **Southern Blotting** = Southern blotting combines gel electrophoresis and hybridization with a DNA probe. • **Key significance** — it is named after its inventor, Edwin Southern. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: B: Northern Blotting is a different concept; C: Western Blotting is a different concept; D: Eastern Blotting is a different concept.

Correct Answer: B. Genetic Engineering

• **Genetic Engineering** = Genetic engineering involves the manual addition of new DNA to an organism. • **Key significance** — This creates recombinant DNA, which is a combination of DNA from different sources. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Bio-mining is a different concept; C: Cell Culture is a different concept; D: Fermentation is a different concept.

Correct Answer: C. Any living tissue or cell

• **Any living tissue or cell** = Micropropagation uses tissue culture to produce a large number of plants from a small starting piece (explant). • **Key significance** — It relies on 'totipotency', the ability of a plant cell to grow into a whole plant. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Only seeds is a different concept; B: Only roots is a different concept; D: Dead cells is a different concept.

Correct Answer: B. Fermentation

• **Fermentation** = Yeast performs anaerobic fermentation, converting sugars into carbon dioxide and alcohol. • **Key significance** — In baking, the CO2 helps the dough rise, and in brewing, it produces alcohol. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Photosynthesis is a different concept; C: Nitrogen fixation is a different concept; D: Digestion is a different concept.

Correct Answer: A. Circadian Rhythm

• **Circadian Rhythm** = Circadian rhythms are 24-hour cycles that regulate sleep, metabolism, and hormone release. • **Key significance** — They are driven by internal biological clocks located in the brain. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: B: Annual Rhythm is a different concept; C: Lunar Rhythm is a different concept; D: Tidal Rhythm is a different concept.

Correct Answer: B. Heat-stable DNA polymerase

• **Heat-stable DNA polymerase** = Taq polymerase remains stable at the high temperatures required to separate DNA strands during PCR. • **Key significance** — It was isolated from a thermophilic bacterium found in hot springs. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Heat-sensitive enzyme is a different concept; C: RNA digestive enzyme is a different concept; D: Protein-building enzyme is a different concept.

Correct Answer: A. High-Yielding Varieties (HYV)

• **High-Yielding Varieties (HYV)** = The Green Revolution used advanced plant breeding and selection techniques to create high-yielding wheat and rice. • **Key significance** — These crops were more responsive to fertilizers and irrigation. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: B: Organic fertilizers is a different concept; C: Hand-tools is a different concept; D: Bullock carts is a different concept.

Correct Answer: B. Computer-based analysis of biological data

• **Computer-based analysis of biological data** = Bio-informatics uses software and mathematics to manage and analyze biological information like DNA sequences. • **Key significance** — It is crucial for large projects like sequencing the human genome. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Field farming is a different concept; C: Deep-sea diving is a different concept; D: Mountain climbing is a different concept.

Correct Answer: C. OECD

• **OECD** = The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) provides standard definitions for biotech sectors. • **Key significance** — This definition emphasizes the integration of science and engineering with biology. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: WHO is a different concept; B: UNESCO is a different concept; D: NASA is a different concept.