Biotechnology — Set 4

Correct Answer: C. Derived from tissue culture

• **Derived from tissue culture** = Somaclonal variation occurs in plants regenerated from tissue culture (in vitro). • **Key significance** — These variations can sometimes lead to beneficial traits like disease resistance or improved yield. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Produced by sexual reproduction is a different concept; B: Grown in natural soil is a different concept; D: Exposed to radiation is a different concept.

Correct Answer: D. Hyderabad

• **Hyderabad** = Genome Valley in Hyderabad is India's first organized cluster for life sciences R&D and clean manufacturing. • **Key significance** — It houses numerous global pharmaceutical and biotechnology giants. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Bengaluru is a different concept; B: Chennai is a different concept; C: Pune is a different concept.

Correct Answer: D. Using microorganisms to extract metals from ores

• **Using microorganisms to extract metals from ores** = Bio-mining uses bacteria to leach metals like copper and gold from low-grade ores. • **Key significance** — It is more environmentally friendly than traditional smelting, which releases harmful gases. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Mining for biological fossils is a different concept; B: Collecting rare plants from forests is a different concept; C: Agricultural farming in mines is a different concept.

Correct Answer: C. Reverse Transcriptase

• **Reverse Transcriptase** = Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that synthesizes DNA from an RNA template. • **Key significance** — It was originally discovered in retroviruses like HIV. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: DNA Polymerase is a different concept; B: RNA Polymerase is a different concept; D: Helicase is a different concept.

Correct Answer: B. Contains a gene from another species

• **Contains a gene from another species** = Transgenic organisms are created by inserting foreign DNA into their genome using genetic engineering. • **Key significance** — This allows the organism to express traits not naturally found in its species.. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Has lost some genes is a different concept; C: Is a perfect clone is a different concept; D: Lives only in water is a different concept.

Correct Answer: B. To detect and measure specific proteins or antibodies

• **To detect and measure specific proteins or antibodies** = Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) uses antibodies and color changes to identify specific substances. • **Key significance** — it is a standard test for detecting HIV, pregnancy, and various allergies. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: To amplify DNA is a different concept; C: To observe cells under a microscope is a different concept; D: To sequence the genome is a different concept.

Correct Answer: B. A biological molecule used to detect a chemical

• **A biological molecule used to detect a chemical** = Bio-sensors combine a biological component, like an enzyme, with a transducer to detect chemical signals. • **Key significance** — A common.. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: A thermometer is a different concept; C: A computer monitor is a different concept; D: A glass tube is a different concept.

Correct Answer: C. Small pieces of plant tissue used to start a culture

• **Small pieces of plant tissue used to start a culture** = Explants can be taken from any part of the plant, such as the leaf, stem, or root. • **Key significance** — They are sterilized and placed on a nutrient medium to grow into a new plant. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Extinct plants is a different concept; B: Plants grown in space is a different concept; D: Chemicals that kill plants is a different concept.

Correct Answer: B. To induce tumors and transfer DNA to plants

• **To induce tumors and transfer DNA to plants** = The Tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid contains the T-DNA region that is integrated into the host plant's DNA. • **Key significance** — In nature, this causes crown gall disease (tumors) in plants. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: To resist antibiotics is a different concept; C: To synthesize proteins is a different concept; D: To store energy is a different concept.

Correct Answer: B. White Biotechnology

• **White Biotechnology** = White biotechnology uses living cells and enzymes to optimize industrial production. • **Key significance** — It is central to the large-scale manufacturing of amino acids, antibiotics, and biofuels. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: A: Red Biotechnology is a different concept; C: Green Biotechnology is a different concept; D: Yellow Biotechnology is a different concept.