UN Organs — Set 3

Correct Answer: D. Economic and Social Council

• **Economic and Social Council** = This organ, known as ECOSOC, is responsible for overseeing human rights through its various functional commissions and by working with the Human Rights Council. • **Human Rights Council** — ECOSOC works closely with the Human Rights Council, which reports to the General Assembly, to monitor and promote human rights. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Secretariat]: It handles administrative duties, not policy-making or oversight of human rights commissions; [Security Council]: It maintains international peace and security, not primarily human rights oversight; [Trusteeship Council]: Its mission was to oversee trust territories, and it has largely completed its work.

Correct Answer: D. Daily administrative work

• **Daily administrative work** = The UN Secretariat is responsible for the day-to-day operations, managing programs, and providing services to other principal organs. • **Secretary-General** — The Secretariat is led by the Secretary-General, who is the UN's chief administrative officer. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Enforcing laws]: This is primarily the role of the Security Council in certain situations, not the Secretariat; [Passing treaties]: Treaties are negotiated and ratified by member states, not passed by the Secretariat; [Declaring wars]: The UN Charter aims to prevent war, and no UN organ has the power to declare wars.

Correct Answer: D. Nine

• **Nine** = To pass a procedural matter in the Security Council, a positive vote from any nine of its 15 members is required. • **15 members** — The Security Council has 15 members, and nine affirmative votes are needed for procedural decisions. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Five]: Incorrect, five votes are not sufficient for procedural matters; [Fifteen]: Incorrect, all 15 members' votes are not required for a procedural matter, only nine; [Twelve]: Incorrect, the Charter specifies a minimum of nine votes for procedural matters.

Correct Answer: C. International Court of Justice

• **International Court of Justice** = The ICJ is the principal judicial organ of the UN and provides advisory opinions on legal questions to authorized UN organs and specialized agencies. • **Principal judicial organ** — The ICJ's primary function is to settle legal disputes between states and offer advisory opinions. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Security Council]: It deals with peace and security and enforcement actions, not advisory legal opinions; [General Assembly]: It makes recommendations and discusses broad issues, but does not offer legal opinions to other organs; [Secretariat]: It performs administrative functions, not judicial ones.

Correct Answer: C. Trusteeship Council

• **Trusteeship Council** = This organ was established to supervise the administration of Trust Territories and guide them towards self-government or independence. • **1994** — Since **1994**, when Palau, the last trust territory, achieved independence, the Trusteeship Council has formally suspended operations. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Secretariat]: It handles administrative tasks, not direct management of territories; [Economic and Social Council]: It focuses on economic and social development, not trust territories; [International Court of Justice]: It is the judicial organ, dealing with legal disputes, not territorial administration.

Correct Answer: C. 15

• **15** = The UN Security Council consists of a total of 15 members, comprising 5 permanent members and 10 non-permanent members. • **5 permanent members** — The Security Council has **5 permanent members** (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and 10 non-permanent members. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [5]: This is the number of permanent members only, not the total strength; [10]: This is the number of non-permanent members only, not the total strength; [20]: Incorrect, the total number of Security Council members is 15.

Correct Answer: A. One year

• **One year** = The President of the UN General Assembly is elected for a term of one year to preside over the assembly's annual session. • **Annually** — A new President is elected annually, rotating among five geographical groups of member states. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Two years]: Incorrect, the term for the President of the General Assembly is specifically one year; [Five years]: Incorrect, five years is too long for this rotating position; [Renewable term]: While re-election is theoretically possible, the standard term is one year, and it usually rotates among member states.

Correct Answer: D. General Assembly

• **General Assembly** = The 'Uniting for Peace' resolution was passed by the General Assembly, allowing it to act on peace and security matters when the Security Council is deadlocked. • **1950** — The 'Uniting for Peace' resolution was adopted by the General Assembly in **1950** during the Korean War. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Security Council]: The resolution was specifically created to bypass a deadlocked Security Council due to a veto; [Secretariat]: This is the administrative body and does not pass resolutions; [ICJ]: It is the judicial organ and does not pass resolutions on peace and security operations.

Correct Answer: D. Economic and Social Council

• **Economic and Social Council** = ECOSOC is responsible for facilitating the majority of the UN's financial and technical aid to developing countries by overseeing development and humanitarian work. • **Sustainable Development Goals** — ECOSOC coordinates various UN agencies and funds to advance the **Sustainable Development Goals** globally. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [Security Council]: Its primary role is international peace and security, not developmental aid; [ICJ]: It is the judicial organ, dealing with legal disputes between states; [Trusteeship Council]: Its historical role was to oversee trust territories towards independence, which is now largely complete.

Correct Answer: D. Security Council

• **Security Council** = Under the UN Charter, only the Security Council has the power to make binding decisions that all member states are legally obligated to follow. • **Chapter VII** — The Security Council's power to make binding decisions, including imposing sanctions or authorizing force, stems from **Chapter VII** of the UN Charter. • 💡 Wrong-option analysis: [General Assembly]: Its resolutions are generally recommendations and not legally binding; [Secretariat]: It handles administrative duties and does not make binding policy decisions; [ECOSOC]: Its decisions are recommendations focusing on economic and social issues, not binding security mandates.