Buddhism & Jainism — Set 3
Indian History · बौद्ध और जैन धर्म · Questions 21–30 of 90
Which future Buddha is predicted to appear when the teachings of Gautama Buddha have been forgotten?
Correct Answer: A. Maitreya
Maitreya is the Bodhisattva who is prophesied to appear on Earth in the future. He will achieve complete enlightenment and teach the pure Dharma. He is currently said to be residing in the Tushita Heaven.
The doctrine of 'Syadvada' relates to which characteristic of truth?
Correct Answer: A. Probabilistic nature
The correct answer is 'Probabilistic nature'. Syadvada is the Jain doctrine of conditional predication or 'maybe' logic. It asserts that all judgments are conditional and hold true only in a specific context. It complements the theory of Anekantavada.
Which Buddhist sect emphasizes the worship of Bodhisattvas and idol worship of Buddha?
Correct Answer: C. Mahayana
The Mahayana sect emphasizes the worship of Bodhisattvas and the Buddha as a deity. It introduced idol worship and rituals into Buddhism. Mahayana means 'The Great Vehicle' to salvation for all.
The giant statue of Gomateshwara (Bahubali) is located in which state?
Correct Answer: A. Karnataka
The Gomateshwara statue is located at Shravanabelagola in Karnataka. It is a monolithic statue dedicated to Bahubali, the son of the first Tirthankara. It is a major pilgrimage site for Jains, famous for the Mahamastakabhisheka festival.
Which text provides a detailed account of the 16 Mahajanapadas in the context of Jain history?
Correct Answer: D. Bhagavati Sutra
The Bhagavati Sutra is a Jain text that lists the 16 Mahajanapadas. It provides information about the life and teachings of Mahavira. The list differs slightly from the Buddhist list found in the Anguttara Nikaya.
The 'Diamond Vehicle' form of Buddhism, known for using mantras and tantras, is called:
Correct Answer: B. Vajrayana
Vajrayana is known as the 'Diamond Vehicle' or 'Thunderbolt Vehicle'. It emerged around the 7th century AD and incorporated Tantric rituals, mantras, and mandalas. It became the dominant form of Buddhism in Tibet and the Himalayas.
Which philosophy was founded by Makkhali Gosala, a contemporary of Mahavira and Buddha?
Correct Answer: D. Ajivika
Makkhali Gosala founded the Ajivika sect. This school believed in 'Niyati' (fate or destiny) as the governing principle of the universe. They denied the efficacy of karma and human effort, believing everything is pre-determined.
Who was the royal patron of the Second Buddhist Council?
Correct Answer: A. Kalashoka
The Second Buddhist Council was patronized by King Kalashoka of the Shishunaga dynasty. It was held at Vaishali about 100 years after the Buddha's death. The council addressed disputes over monastic discipline.
Which symbol represents the 'First Sermon' of the Buddha?
Correct Answer: D. Wheel (Dharmachakra)
The Wheel, or Dharmachakra, represents the First Sermon of the Buddha. He turned the 'Wheel of Law' at Sarnath. The eight spokes of the wheel signify the Eightfold Path.
In which place did Lord Mahavira attain Kaivalya (Omniscience)?
Correct Answer: C. Jrimbhikagrama
Mahavira attained Kaivalya (supreme knowledge) near Jrimbhikagrama. This happened on the banks of the river Rijupalika under a Sal tree. He attained this state at the age of 42 after 12 years of severe penance.