Buddhism & Jainism — Set 7
Indian History · बौद्ध और जैन धर्म · Questions 61–70 of 90
The 'Ashta-Mahasthana' refers to the eight holy places associated with:
Correct Answer: A. Buddha
Ashta-Mahasthana are the eight great holy places of Buddhism. They include Lumbini, Bodh Gaya, Sarnath, Kushinagar, Shravasti, Sankissa, Rajgriha, and Vaishali. These sites relate to key events in Buddha's life.
In which city did the First Jain Council take place?
Correct Answer: B. Pataliputra
The First Jain Council was held at Pataliputra. It was convened by Sthulabhadra around 300 BCE. The council resulted in the compilation of the 12 Angas, which Digambaras rejected.
The 'Padmapani' Bodhisattva is often depicted holding a:
Correct Answer: A. Lotus
Padmapani means 'The Lotus Holder'. He is a form of Avalokiteshvara, the Bodhisattva of Compassion. A famous painting of Padmapani is found in the Ajanta Caves.
Which text is a collection of the Buddha's sayings in verse form?
Correct Answer: A. Dhammapada
The Dhammapada is a famous collection of Buddha's sayings in verse. It is part of the Khuddaka Nikaya of the Sutta Pitaka. It is one of the most widely read and translated Buddhist texts.
Who was the chief disciple of Mahavira who survived him and became the head of the Sangha?
Correct Answer: C. Sudharman
Sudharman was the only Gandhara (chief disciple) of Mahavira to survive him. He became the head of the Jain Sangha after Mahavira's Nirvana. His teachings passed down the oral tradition of Jainism.
Which pillar edict of Ashoka mentions the visit to Lumbini and tax reduction?
Correct Answer: C. Rummindei Pillar Inscription
The Rummindei Pillar Inscription commemorates Ashoka's visit to Lumbini. It states that since Buddha was born there, the tax was reduced to one-eighth. It confirms Lumbini as the birthplace of Buddha.
The term 'Arhat' in Buddhism refers to:
Correct Answer: C. A perfected person who has attained Nirvana
An Arhat is one who has gained insight into the true nature of existence and achieved Nirvana. In Theravada Buddhism, becoming an Arhat is the ultimate goal. They are free from the cycle of rebirth.
The dispute over 'meat eating' and 'accepting gold/silver' was a cause for which Buddhist Council?
Correct Answer: D. Second
The Second Buddhist Council dealt with 'Ten Points' of conduct, including handling money and eating habits. The Vaishali monks were accused of breaking Vinaya rules. This led to the split between conservative and liberal monks.
Which Jain Tirthankara is believed to be a relative of Lord Krishna in mythology?
Correct Answer: D. Neminatha
Neminatha, the 22nd Tirthankara, is described in Jain texts as a cousin of Lord Krishna. He belonged to the Yadava clan. This connects Jain tradition with the Mahabharata era.
The 'Chaitya' in Buddhist architecture serves as:
Correct Answer: C. A prayer hall
A Chaitya is a Buddhist prayer hall or shrine. It usually contains a stupa at one end. Viharas, on the other hand, were the residential quarters for monks.